116 RHYNCHOPHORA. [Curculionide. 
that the anterior tibiz are not denticulate on their outer margins ; it is 
very hard, however, to define the family satisfactorily, and still harder 
to divide it into satisfactory sub-families or tribes; the genera may, with 
one or two exceptions, be arranged fairly naturally under the four 
following sub-families :— 
I. Trochauters long, widely separating the coxe and femora ; 
antenna nearly always straight . . . ... . 
II. Trochanters short, upper and lower angles of cox 
reaching or almost reaching femora.* 
i. Antenne straight; intermediate coxee oblique; epimera 
of prosternum often separated by a centro-sternal piece ATTELABINAE. 
ii. Antenne nearly always geniculate; intermediate coxze 
rounded; epimera of prosternum meeting at apex. 
1. Mandibles provided externally at apex with a corneous 
appendage, which usually falls off as soon as the insect 
emerges from the pupa state, but always leaves a 
Cicatrix or scar behind. . .. . . .- . . . . BRACHYRRHININA. 
2. Mandibles without corneous appendage or cicatrix . CURCULIONIN2. 
APIONINE. 
Sus-ram. Attelabine. 
This sub-family of the Cureulionide contains two important tribes, 
the Attelabina and the Rhynchitina, which are very widely distributed 
throughout the world, and contain about a dozen genera, comprising a 
considerable number of species which in many eases are brightly 
coloured and conspicuous insects that inhabit various trees and often do 
very considerable damage by rolling the leaves as cases for their larva, 
or by depositing their eggs in young fruit that has just set ; they may 
be known by having the anterior coxe conical-cylindrical, exserted and 
contiguous, the central projection of the first ventral segment acuminate 
at apex, and the segments of the abdomen uneven in length, the last 
being very small; the intermediate coxe are oblique ; the antennz are 
straight, with the scape more or less short, and the pygidium is almost 
always exposed; the two tribes may be distinguished as follows :— 
I. Epimera of mesosternum widely separated from the inter- 
mediate cox; apices of prosternal epimera separated bya 
broad centro-sternal piece; external border of the man- 
dibles simple; all the tibiz toothed on their internal 
DCG end ie ee hae Am eee (oS Ot tae Meee nee Nope ee 
II. Epimeraof mesosternum almost reaching the intermediate 
cox ; apices of prosternal epimera meeting or separated 
by a narrow centro-sternal piece; external border of the 
mandibles cut out into large teeth; tibize, asa rule, simple 
on their internal margin . . . . . +. . . » . RAYNCHITINA. 
ATTELABINA. 
This tribe contains a few genera, which have, however, been very 
Se 
* In Nanophyes the construction of the trochanters appears to resemble that of 
Apion, but it is so closely connected with Cionus that it can scarcely be separated 
frou it, and must therefore be regarded as an exception. 
ATTELABINA. 
