238 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Lixvina. 
IJ. Rostrum always longer than head; tibiae without 
long raised hairs on their exterior margin. 
i. Scrobes produced nearly to apex of rostrum ; rostrum 
uneven, thick and moderately long. . . . . . . CLEONUS, Schin. 
ii. Scrobes ceasing at a distance from apex of rostrum ; 
rostrum rarely uneven, thick and sometimes long. 
1. Thorax oblong, evidently longer than broad ; body 
behind thorax cylindrical or fusiform . . . . . 
2. Thorax short, about as long as broad; body be- 
hind thorax oval or oblong-oval, not cylindrical . Larrnus, Germ. 
Lixus, F. 
The larve of Rhinocyllus and Larinus live in the heads of Composite; 
the larvee of Cleonus are found at the roots of various plants, while those 
of Lixus inhabit stems. 
RHINOCYLLUS, Germar. 
This genus comprises about half-a-dozen species which are all inha- 
bitants of the Palearctic region; our single species is found on various 
members of the thistle tribe; the larva undergoes its transformations 
in the heads of the plants in which it feeds; it is a robust greyish 
insect, with the rostrum very short, about as long as broad, and the 
tibiae with long raised hairs on their exterior margin. 
R. latirostris, Latr. (conicus, Fréh.; thawmaturgus, Steph. ; 
antiodontalyicus, Gerbi.), An oblong, rather robust, species, black, 
clouded with ashy, more or less plainly tessellated, pubescence ; rostrum 
‘very short and stout, about as long as head; antenne stout, pitchy; 
thorax transverse, somewhat narrowed in front, closely and rather coarsely 
and rugosely punctured, with long ashy pubescence; elytra oblong, 
broader at base than thorax, with the humeral callus rather well marked, 
punctured strie fine but distinct, interstices closely sculptured ; legs 
dark, pubescent. L. 4-6 mm. 
On various species of thistles; the larva lives in the heads of Carduus nutans, 
various species of Cirsiwm, and also of Centaurea nigra; local and usually rare ; 
Faversham (in abundance, J. J. Walker); Canterbury (Power and Stephens) : 
Shipley, near Horsham (once common, Gorham) ; coasts of Sussex, Hants and Dorset ; 
Rye, near Hastings; Isle of Wight; Portland and Weymouth, sometimes common 
(Harris, Blatch, &c.). Walton records it as abundant on the south coast, but it is 
very local; the species seems to have been regarded as a specific for toothache ; 
hence some of the long names that have been attached to it. 
CLEONUWS, Schonherr (Mecaspis, Schénherr ; Bothynoderes, 
Schonherr). 
The species belonging to this genus are of large or moderately large 
size, robust, but elongate, and subparallel form, and very often exeeed- 
ingly handsomely variegated with shades of white and grey; the 
rostrum is stout, but always longer than the head, and uneven, with the 
scrobes produced nearly to apex; the eyes are depressed ; the thorax is 
