Nanophyes. | RHYNCHOPHORA. 323 
rostrum, shorter and rather more distinctly punctured thorax, less 
evident pubescence, and broader and shorter and much less acuminate 
elytra, of which the interstices are flat; it is difficult to compare the 
colour, as NV. lythri is so variable, but in the single specimen I have 
taken (in the New Forest) there is a large triangular patch covering 
base, and the whole of the rest of the elytra is reddish testaceous ; 
I have not noticed this colouring in the preceding species, lL. 13-1} 
mm. 
Marshy places; by sweeping herbage; very local, and rare; according to Bedel it 
has been found in France in numbers on Lotus uliginosus, and Brisout mentions it 
as attached to Erica cinerea ; Champion mentions it as found running up the stems 
of Carex, &c., from the marshy ground beneath, towards evening; Esher (in some 
numbers, Rye and Champion); Horsell, Surrey (Power); Balcombe, Surrey ; New 
Forest (Champion, myself and others). 
CIONUS, Clairville. 
The species of Cionus are very easily distinguished by their globose 
form and the black velvety patches on their elytra, which often, but 
not always, take the form of small or moderate sized circular spots; the 
thorax is extremely small in proportion to the elytra which are more 
than twice as broad as its base; the rostrum is rather long and more 
or less curved; the scutellum is conspicuous; the prosternum is often 
excavate before the anterior coxe and excised at apex, and all the 
femora are armed with a more or less strong tooth ; the species known 
are about thirty or forty in number, of which eighteen occur in Europe ; 
representatives have also been recorded from North and South Africa, 
Teneriffe, Siberia, Persia and Tasmania. They appear to be attached 
to Scrophulariacee, and more especially to species of Verbascum 
(Mullein), and Serophularia; the larve feed on the leaves of these 
plants and appear to a certain extent to mine the parenchyma; they are 
covered with a glutinous matter which is secreted from a retractile 
nipple placed on the upper surface of the anal segment; the softness 
and mobility of their integument enables them to cover their entire 
body with this substance ; it partly serves as a protection against rain 
or heat, but its chief use is in the formation of the cocoon in which 
the insect undergoes its metamorphoses ; when the time arrives for the 
change to the pupa state the larva attaches itself to a point of the leaf 
and thickens the glutinous matter which covers it, and then contracts 
its body so as to gain in breadth what it loses in length; when the 
covering has been fixed to the leaf all round and has acquired consis- 
tency it manages to detach itself from connection with it and undergoes 
its change to the pupa; after six or eight days it emerges as a perfect 
inseet, and then cuts a neat spherical hole in its cocoon and so emerges. 
(Vide Chapuis et Candéze, Catalogue des Larves des Coléoptéres, 
. 223.) 
r The sexual differences consist in various characters of the rostrum 
y 2 
