OD 
358 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Calandrina, 
the fourth more or less conspicuous and the third not broad, tarsal claws 
free and simple. 
In the European eatalogue of Heyden, Reitter and Weise Sphenophorus 
mutilatus, Laich, is assigned to Britain; it may have oecurred in this 
country, but if so is evidently an importation; the insect is closely allied 
to Calandra, but is about twice the size of either of our species, and 
may be known by having the club of the antenne widened, and inarticu- 
late, and bevelled off at apex. 
CALANDRA, Clairville (Sitophilus, Schénherr). 
This genus contains about twenty-five species, which are chiefly 
natives of warm or tropical countries ; three occur in Europe, but appear 
to be all importations, although C. granaria has to a certain extent 
been naturalized and has been found on growing wheat; they may be 
known by their very long thorax, which is as long as the elytra, and 
the exposed pygidium ; the rostrum is slightly curved ; the funiculus of 
the antenne is 6-jointed and is much longer than the club, which is 
oblong with the apex conical ; the posterior cox attain to the episterna 
of the metasternum, and the latter are free. 
Both the British species do considerable damage to stored wheat, and 
C. granaria, the “ weevil” par excellence, is often exceedingly destruc- 
tive; C. oryze, as its name implies, is originally a devourer of rice, but 
also attacks grain: a long account of the two species is given by Curtis 
(“ Farm Insects,” pp. 321—329); the female of C. granaria makes a 
hole in the grain of wheat and deposits an egg ; from this there issues a 
small white maggot, about 2 mm. in length, with a large, round, horny, 
yellowish head and strong mandibles; this devours the substance of the 
grain and changes to a clear white transparent pupa in its interior; in 
eight or ten days the perfect insect issues forth ; it has been calculated 
that a single pair are capable of producing 6045 individuals in one 
season, so that we cannot wonder at the amount of corn sometimes de- 
stroyed in granaries, where the temperature is warm and the enemies of 
the beetle are few; it is hard to detect the amount of the damage 
done, as the outside of the grain is not touched and often the presence 
of the weevil can only be detected by throwing a handful of the grains 
into water, when the attacked grains float; many remedies have been 
suggested, but none is so effective in our climate as keeping granaries 
clean and well whitewashed and the woodwork and planks as sound as 
possible; when the weather is warm the beetles keep to the corn heaps, 
but when it gets cold they leave them and take to holes, crevices and 
cracks ; in the colonies the following method is adopted sometimes for 
getting rid of weevils from rice, corn, &c., and it might perhaps be used 
with advantage ; a tank is filled with the grain to within a short distance 
of the top; a candle is then set on the top of the grain, and the tank is 
covered and rendered air-tight by the use of white lead; the candle 
