402 RHYNCHOPHORA. [ Scolytide. 
clump and the larve feed in an irregularly advancing column without 
forming distinct galleries. The dead body of the mother is usually to 
be found at the end of her gallery, and it may thus often serve as a clue 
to a species whieh is met with in the larval state. 
“The larval galleries usually commence at right angles to the mother 
galleries—at least at their middle; but they often change their direction 
irregularly—the different shapes being characteristic of the species. 
“Their length is variable and depends on the extent to which they 
are channelled on the wood. In some species the galleries, which 
score the wood deeply, are only about one inch in length, while in 
others they are often between four and five inches long and sometimes 
very irregular; they end in an oval pupal chamber from which the 
imago escapes by gnawing a flight-hole. Besides these holes others are 
made at intervals along the ‘ mother galleries’ for ventilation. ‘ 
“Tn the wood-borers the females alone make the entrance-holes, which 
lead sometimes to tangential galleries from which the larval workings 
start, as in 7'rypodendron ; or they form a series of repeatedly bifurcat- 
ing passages, as in Xyleborus, in which larve, pup and immature beetles 
occur together. In the second case there are no larval galleries and the 
larvee appear to feed on sappy exudations or on the mycelium of a fungus 
growing on the walls. 
‘‘In the wood-boring forms pupal chambers and flight-holes are not 
found, the imagos emerging by the entrance-tunnel. In certain genera, 
as Xyleborus, the males are apterous, and do not quit the tree in which 
they are bred ; here they fertilize the females immediately after meta- 
morphosis.” 
The family as catalogued by Gemminger and Von Harold (Munich, 
1872), comprises seventy genera and seven hundred and fifty species, 
which are very widely distributed ; in the European catalogue of Heyden, 
Reitter and Weise thirty-two genera and about one hundred and thirty 
species are enumerated, and other genera have since been created; the 
number of British species is about fifty: M. Bedel (in the Faune des 
Coléoptéres du bassin de la Seine, p. 3) separates the Platypodide from 
the Scolytidz as separate families on the shape of the metatarsus: in 
sketching out the arrangement of the family for this work I had, how- 
ever, come to the ecnelusion that there was not sufficient difference to 
warrant this separation, and was afterwards pleased to find that on page 
305 of his work (foot-note 1) M. Bedel has again united them as sub- 
families of one family Scolytide ; the family will therefore be thus 
divided :— 
I. First joint of tarsi (or metatarsus) much shorter than the re- 
maining joints united ; sides of thorax not emarginate for the 
reception of the legs; eyes oblong or divided; head never 
broader than thorax Soe etee ich} ihe beste iene 
II. First joint of tarsi (or metatarsus) almost as long as the 
remaining joints united; sides of thorax emarginate for the 
SCOLYTINA. 
