440 RHYNCHOPHORA, [ Tomicus. 
usual ‘typograph ” in the bark, there is formed a stellate system radi- 
ating from a breeding-chamber (Rammel-kammer). 
The most efficacious way of proceeding against the ravages of Tomicus 
typographus is by the establishment of ‘‘ fangbatimen ;” thatis, by ring- 
ing the trunks of a number of trees selected at intervals in the forest, 
shortly before the flight-time of the insects ; these trees will be selected 
as breeding-places and may then be cut down, and the bark with the 
contained broods destroyed. There may be as many as three generations 
of Temicus typographus in the year, with favourable weather ; it is 
therefore imperative to see that the trees thus prepared are punctually 
destroyed before the insects have time to develop. 
Of the fourteen or fifteen European species five are found in Britain; 
these may be distinguished as follows:— 
I. Posterior excavation of elytra not abrupt, usually 
very oblique, and occupying from a third to a half 
of the suture. 
i. Posterior excavation of elytra with six teeth on 
each side, the three upper ones being small and 
the fourth the largest; length 53-8 mm.. . . . T. SEXDENTATUS, Bérn. 
(stenographus, Duft.). 
ii, Posterior excavation of elytra with four teeth 
on each side, the uppermost one being often in- 
distinct, and the third the largest; length 43-5} 
iii. Posterior excavation of elytra intermediate in 
abruptness between the two preceding and the two 
following species, with three teeth on each side, 
the lowest one being the largest. . . . . . . ‘T. ACUMINATUS, Gyll. 
II, Posterior excavation of elytra abrupt occupying only 
the apex of the elytra. 
i, Elytra with more strongly punctured strie and 
with the posterior excavation larger and more 
strongly toothed at the sides; club of antennz 
rounded at apex, with the sutures between its joints 
BEPRIOUE Sy ge eee ne et a ere es os tn ge hs LOTS On 
ii. Elytra with less strongly punctured strie and 
with the posterior excavation smaller and less 
strongly toothed at the sides; club of antenne 
subtruncate at apex, with the sutures between its 
jointscurved . . . ». + © «© + © © «© + © J. NIGRITUS, Gyll. 
T. TYPOGRAPHUS, LZ, 
T,. sexdentatus, Born. (stenographus, Duft.; typographus, Steph. 
mec L.). A large and conspicuous species; pitchy black with the 
elytra reddish brown, but variable in colour, somewhat immature speci- 
mens being lighter and often entirely testaceous, shining, clothed with 
very long yellowish grey villose pubescence, which is thicker at sides 
and extremities; antenne and legs ferruginous; thorax large, longer 
than broad, scabrous in front, diffusely and finely punctured behind ; 
elytra only a little longer than thorax, with deep punctured striz, inter- 
stices smooth on disc, rugose at sides and apex, apex excavated, the 
excavation being oblique and occupying from a third to a half of the 
