1874.] Physiology of the Brain. 61 
without having even ascertained the difference of cerebrum 
and cerebellum, Gall proceeded to describe the brain as 
composed of many particular and independent organs, and 
to assign to each the residence of some special faculty.” 
The insular ignorance of Gall’s anatomical discoveries, 
position in the scientific world, and true character displayed 
in these insulting criticisms, is no less disgraceful than 
astounding. Professor Hufeland, an anatomist and phy- 
siologist of European reputation, thus expresses himself 
concerning Gall:—‘‘It is with great pleasure and much 
interest that I have heard this estimable man himself 
expound his new doctrine. I am fully convinced that he 
ought to be regarded as one of the most remarkable 
phenomena of the 18th century, and that his doétrine 
should be considered as forming one of the boldest and 
most important steps in the study of the kingdom of nature. 
One must see and hear him to learn to appreciate a man 
completely exempt from prejudices, from charlatanism, from 
deception, and from metaphysical reveries. Gifted with a 
rare spirit of observation, with great penetration and a 
sound judgment, identified, as it were, with nature, he has 
collected a multitude of signs of phenomena which nobody 
had remarked till now—has discovered the relations which 
establish analogy between them—has learnt their significa- 
tion—has drawn consequences and established truths, 
which are so much the more valuable that, being based on 
experience, they emanate from nature herself.” 
**The worthy Reil,’’ says Professor Bischoff, ‘‘who as a 
profound anatomist and judicious physiologist stands in no 
need of my commendation, has declared, in rising above all 
the littleness of egotism, that he had found more in the 
disseCtions of the brain performed by Gall than he had con- 
ceived it possible for a man to discover in his whole 
life-time !” 
“Loder,” continues Professor Bischoff, ‘‘ who certainly 
does not yield the palm to any living anatomist, has ex- 
pressed the following opinion of the discoveries of Gall :— 
‘ The discoveries of Gall in the anatomy of the brain are of 
the highest importance, and many of them possess such a 
degree of evidence that I cannot conceive how any one with 
good eyes can mistake them. I refer to the great ganglion 
of the brain—to the passage of the corpora pyramidalia 
into the cruva of the brain and the hemispheres—to the 
fasciculi of the spinal marrow—to the crossing of the fibres 
under the pyramidal and olivary eminences—to the recurrent 
fibres of the cerebellum—to the commissures of the nerves— 
