142 Flint and Chert Implements (April, 
the loam or muddy deposit now known as Cave-earth. His 
description of this work is so graphic, displaying at once his 
mode of operation and his mental excitement, that I cannot 
refrain from quoting it :— 
‘‘ Having cleared away on all sides the loose mould and 
all suspicious appearances, I dug under the regular [stalag- 
mitic] crust, and flints presented themselves to my hand. 
This electrified me. I called the attention of my fellow- 
labourer... and in his presence extracted from the red marl 
arrow and lance-heads. I instantly proceeded to the ex- 
cavation inside, which was only a few feet distant in the same 
continuous line, and formed part of the same plate—the crust 
is about two feet thick, steady (7.c., of uniform thickness); the 
clay rathera light red. About three inches below the crust, the 
tooth of an ox met my eye: I called the people to witness the 
fact, ... and not knowing the chance of finding flints, I then 
proceeded to dig under it, and at about a foot I dug out a flint 
arrow-head. This confirmation—I confess it—startled me. I 
dug again, and behold, asecond! of the same size and colour 
(black). I struck my hammer into the earth a third time,anda 
third arrow-head, but white, answered to the blow. This was 
evidence beyond all question. I then desisted, not wishing 
to exhaust the bed, but, in case of cavil, leaving others an 
opportunity of verifying my statements by actual obser- 
vation.’’* 
The following is the substance of his further remarks on 
the subje¢t:—The implements lay ordinarily between the 
bottom of the stalagmite and the upper surface of the cave- 
earth, but were occasionally, though rarely, buried a few 
inches deep in the latter, and mixed with the bones of the 
extinét cave mammals. None occurred in the stalagmite 
itself. Some were broken, and, as in the case of bones in a 
similar condition, the separated parts were found at some 
distance from each other. Instances were met with of 
indurated or coherent masses made up of Cave-earth, stones, 
fossil bones, and flint tools. In common with most observers 
of that time, he ascribed the introduction of the Cave-earth 
to the Deluge, and though, under the influence of Dr. Buck- 
Jand, he finally expressed the belief that the implements 
were “ post-diluvial,” he contended that the facts just enume- 
rated seemed ‘“‘to countenance the opposite hypothesis ;” 
though he was staggered by the belief that there were no 
implements in the cave-earth at depths exceeding a few 
inches, and no remains of the extinét mammals in the 
* Trans. Devon. Assoc., vol. iii., pp. 329-30. 
