146 Flint and Chert Implements (April, 
to add anything to the literature of the subject, and also 
of any hope that such additions as I might be able to 
make would have the least effect on those still remaining in 
a sceptical state. 
It may be as well at the outset to describe the successive 
deposits, and their principal contents, met with in the 
cavern during the exploration now in progress. They are 
as follow, in descending order :— 
Ist, or uppermost. Blocks of limestone, from a few pounds 
to upwards of 100 tons each, which had fallen from the roof 
from time to time, and were in some instances cemented 
together with carbonate of lime. 
and. Beneath and between the blocks just mentioned lay 
a dark-coloured mud, consisting largely of decayed leaves 
and other vegetable matter, from 3 to 12 inches thick, 
and known as the Black Mould. 
3rd. Under this was a stalagmitic floor, commonly of 
granular texture, varying from an inch or even less to 
upwards of 5 feet in thickness, frequently containing 
large blocks of limestone, and termed the Gvranular 
Stalagmite. 
4th. An almost black layer, about 4 inches thick, com- 
posed mainly of small fragments of charred wood, and dis- 
tinguished as the Black Band, occupied an area of about 
100 square feet, immediately under the granular stalagmite, 
and, where nearest to it, about 32 feet from one of the 
entrances to the cavern. Nothing resembling it was found 
elsewhere. 
5th. Immediately under the Granular Stalagmite and the 
Black Band, lay an accumulation of light red clay, con- 
taining on the average about 50 per cent of small angular 
fragments of limestone, and somewhat numerous blocks of 
the same materials as-large as those already mentioned as 
lying on the Black Mould. In this deposit, known as the 
Cave-earth, many of the stones and osseous remains were, at 
all depths, invested with thin stalagmitic films; and it 
occasionally contained large isolated masses of stalagmite 
having a very crystalline texture, sub-angular and rounded 
fragments of quartz and dark red grit sometimes cemented 
into more or less round detached lumps of firm concrete, 
and a very few granitoid pebbles. The Cave-earth was 
usually of unknown depth, certainly and perhaps greatly . 
exceeding 4 feet, but it was occasionally much less, and 
in some instances there was none. 
6th. Wherever the bottom of the Cave-earth was reached, 
there was found beneath it a floor of stalagmite having a 
