1874.] in Kent's Cavern. 147 
crystalline texture, identical with that of the isolated masses 
just mentioned as being incorporated in the Cave-earth. 
This, designated the Crystalline Stalagmite, was usually of 
greater thickness than the upper or granular floor, in the 
same branch of the Cavern, and was in some instances but 
little short of 12 feet. Where there was no Cave-earth, the 
two stalagmites lay one immediately on the other. 
yth. Below the whole occurred, so far as is at present 
known, the lowest and oldest of the deposits which the 
Cavern now contains. It was composed of sub-angular and 
rounded pieces of quartz and dark red grit, the latter being 
the more prevalent, embedded in a sandy paste of the same 
colour. Small angular fragments of limestone, and thin 
investing films of stalagmite, both prevalent in the Cave- 
earth as already stated, were extremely rare; large blocks 
of limestone were occasionally met with, and the deposit, to 
which the name of Breccia has been given, was of a depth 
exceeding that to which the exploration has yet been carried. 
The masses of Crystalline Stalagmite and the fragments 
and lumps of dark red grit found embedded in the Cave- 
earth are undoubtedly portions, not 7 sztu, of the two older 
deposits—the Crystalline Stalagmitic floor and the Breccia— 
and show that these accumulations had been broken up by 
some natural agency at least partially before the introduc- 
tion of the Cave-earth into the Cavern, and that they were 
formerly of greater volume than at present. 
Excepting the overlying blocks of limestone (No. 1), which 
need not be mentioned again, all the deposits contained 
remains of animals. In the Black Mould, the most modern 
accumulation, they were those of species still existing, and 
almost all of them now occupying the district. They were 
man, dog, fox, badger, brown bear, Bos longifrons, roe-deer, 
sheep, goat, pig, hare, rabbit, water-rat, and seal. 
In the Granular Stalagmite, Black Band, and Cave-earth, 
extinct as well as recent species presented themselves. The 
cave-hyzena was the most prevalent, but was followed very 
closely by the horse and rhinoceros. Remains of the 
so-called Irish elk, wild-bull, bison, red-deer, mammoth, 
badger, the cave, grizzly, and brown bears, were by no 
means rare; those of the cave-lion, wolf, fox, and rein- 
deer were less numerous; and those of beaver, glutton, and 
Machairodus latidens were very scarce. ‘The presence of the 
hyzena was also announced by his coprolites, by bones 
broken after a manner still followed by existing members of 
the same genus, and by the marks of his teeth found ona 
very large proportion of the osseous remains. 
