148 Flint and Chert Implements [April, 
In the lowest deposits—the Crystalline Stalagmite and the 
Breccia—remains of animals were less uniformly distributed. 
In some instances there were none throughout considerable 
volumes of the deposits, whilst in others they were so 
numerous as to form 50 per cent of the entire deposit. To 
use the language of one of the workmen employed in the 
exploration, ‘‘they lay about as thick as if they had been 
thrown there with a shovel.” So far as is at present known, 
they were exclusively the remains of bears. Not only were 
there no bones of the hyzena, there were none of his feces, 
none of his teeth-marks, no bones fractured according to his 
well-known pattern,—nothing whatever to indicate his 
existence. 
The bones found in the uppermost deposit—the Black 
Mould—were of much less specific gravity than those in the 
accumulation below it, and were generally so light as to 
float in water. Those in the two sets of deposits repre- 
sented by the Cave-earth and the Breccia respectively, had 
lost their animal matter, and adhered to the tongue when 
applied to it so as frequently to support their own weight ; 
but those from the Breccia and its Stalagmite—the lowest 
deposits—were distinguished from those of the Cave-earth 
series in being much more mineralised, more brittle, and by 
frequently emitting a metallic sound when struck. 
The following general statements may be of service, by 
way of recapitulation, before proceeding further :— 
Ist. The Cavern contained three distinét mechanical 
accumulations—the Black Mould, or uppermost, or most 
modern; the Cave-earth, including the local Black Band ; 
and the Breccia, or lowermost, or most ancient. Their 
mode of succession was never transgressed, and the materials 
of which they consisted were so very dissimilar as to charac- 
terise them with great distinctness. 
and. These three accumulations were separated by two 
distinct floors of stalagmite having strongly contrasted cha- 
racters. That dividing the Black Mould, or uppermost 
deposit, from the Cave-earth was granular; whilst that lying 
between the Cave-earth and Breccia, or lowermost deposit, 
was eminently crystalline. 
3rd. Animal remains occurred everywhere, but were 
much more abundant in the mechanical deposits than in the 
stalagmites. 
4th. The period represented by the Black Mould—the 
most modern period—may, as a matter of convenience, and 
so far as the Cavern is concerned, be termed the Ovine period, 
remains of sheep being restricted to this accumulation. 
