_1874.] Fuel Economy. 197 
Robert and Joseph Ellis, of Liverpool, show some ingenious 
fire-bars, in which the water, before it enters the boiler, is 
made to traverse these bars, and is raised to a temperature 
_ of 300° F. There are many other appliances for heating the 
water before entering the boiler; there is the Paxman 
Water-Heater, in which waste steam from the engine is 
condensed, and so made to heat another supply of water, 
and the water is pumped into the boiler at a temperature 
of 200°. ; 
Goodbrand and Holland show a coal-cutting machine. It 
is a 27-inch self-acting right or left hand coal cutter, 
constructed specially for the Wharncliffe Silkstone Coal 
Company to undercut their medium hard coal at bottom of 
seam. 
Messrs. Ommanney and Tatham also have Winstanley’s 
coal-cutting machine. ‘This machine is designed for holing 
in mines which are worked on the wide work or long wall 
system. It is driven by compressed air, the pressure 
required being from 20 to 30 lbs. per square inch, according 
to the nature of the coal to be cut. The height of the 
machine is 22 inches, and the gauge of the wheels can be 
made to suit any ordinary colliery tramway. The cutter 
holes its own way into the coal, cutting from nothing up to 
3 feet or more in depth, the thickness of the groove being 
3 inches. The small coal made by holing represents only 
from 25 to 35 percent of the quantity of small coal produced 
by hand holing. The average rate of holing in hard coal, 
with a pressure of 30 lbs. per square inch, is 25 yards per 
hour, including stoppages, and this may be considered to 
equal the work which would be done by at least thirty men 
in the same time. 
Messrs. Hanworth and Horsfall exhibit a self-feeding 
smoke-burner and fuel-economising furnace. The draw- 
back to it is the complicated arrangement for effecting 
the object. The bars are moved by egg-shaped wheels, 
which gives them a forward and backward motion, and 
the coal is allowed to fall upon them by means of a 
sloping plane.. 
Some experiments were performed at Lacy Brothers, 
Callis Mill, near Hebden Bridge, upon two of Galloway’s 
New Patent Boilers, 28 feet long, 7} feet diameter, and 
working at go lbs. pressure, one of them fired by hand, 
the other by the self-feeding furnace. The results of tests 
show a gain of 15 per cent in favour of the self-feeder. 
VOL. IV. (N.S.) 2C 
