200 Fuel Economy. (April, 
conditions, lead to an important saving of coal have been 
realised. 
A similar boiler is shown, and called the Safe and Sure 
Boiler, bythe Patent Steam Boiler Company, of Birmingham. 
They claim for their boilers absolute safety from explosion ; 
this advantage is obtained by the subdivision of steam and 
water in small tubes tested to a pressure of 500 Ibs. to the 
square inch. If a tube should burst, the only result would 
be a rush of steam and water into the furnace, a sudden 
lowering of the steam pressure, and the extinction of the 
fire. A boiler is often thrown aside as useless nine-tenths 
of which is practically good, but from the remaining tenth 
having failed the whole has to be rejected; with this boiler 
that one-tenth could have been replaced by a new one in 
perhaps less than two hours, when the whole would have 
been as good asever. The nature and disposition of the 
heating surface in this boiler are such as cannot fail to fully 
utilise the heat applied, while the internal arrangements are 
such as entirely prevent the escaping gases becoming much 
above the temperature of the steam, and ensures, with an ordi- 
nary amount of attention, perfect consumption of the smoke. 
Mr. Stanley, of Sheffield, shows his Patent Furnace for 
Smelting Ore. The advantages of these furnaces are, in 
the first place, they effect a saving of from 25 to 30 per cent 
in fuel. The use and expense of grate-bars are dispensed 
with, as these furnaces have closed fire-places formed in 
brickwork ; they make from 80 to go per cent less ash than 
open fire-grate furnaces, the workmen have much less labour 
in working these furnaces, and the heat is quicker and more 
under the control of the furnace men. 
Bailey and Co., of the Albion Works, Salford, make a 
very fine show of Pyrometers, Hallam’s Ejectors, Oil Testers, 
and other useful inventions. Bailey’s Patent Pyrometer is 
used for indicating heat, saving coal, and promoting 
uniformity of production in malt-kilns, ovens, and in other 
places where a certain degree of heat is requisite. The 
pyrometer for malt kilns is 4 feet long, and has an enamel — 
dial 4 inches in diameter; the dial is indicated at 300— 
black figures on a white ground. One of these pyrometers 
has been tried at the Valley Mill, near Holyhead, and the 
proprietor has tested it and found it very sensitive at any 
change of temperature, enabling the man to keep his kiln at 
the proper heat, which is very important in malt-kilns. 
These pyrometers are also used by the Government depart- 
ments for baking bread; it is also used for indicating the waste 
heat in flues of works and locomotives, for indicating the 
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