1874.) Fuel Economy. 211 
That is, one part of the fuel will boil off as steam above 
4} times its own weight of water from 212°, and the dry 
fuel about 6 times its own weight. 
Mr. A. C. Pelly shows his patent peat fuel, which he con- 
denses into solid balls, of the density of hard wood; the 
peat balls, when manufactured ready for use, cost only about 
5s. 6d. to 6s. per ton. 
Professor Reynolds reports upon the process, which con- 
sists in pulping the raw peat in a horizontal cylinder, within 
which a shaft carrying a number of arms is made to rotate 
rapidly, by steam or other power. The fibre is not only 
broken in this machine, but, owing to a screw-like action of 
the shaft, the peat pulp is forced through a circular opening, 
and then appears as a cylinder of pasty material, which is 
cut into short sections by very simple apparatus; the short 
cylinders of pulp so obtained fall immediately into a truncated 
cone, revolving rapidly. Here each piece is made to assume 
a rough spherical form; these pieces are then dried. The 
dry product of these simple operations appears in the form of 
irregular balls; hence the term ball-peat. The following is 
Professor Reynolds’s analysis of two samples of ball-peat :— 
Hydrostatic moisture . . 15°12 14°87 
BEA DO Maras ® sopra «fie ee, on (AOOR 47°22 
PRLORENM co gic sc woe Ven OE 5°14 
POU an kd. os. Sp eho te ook o 4 BOOS Bote 
REHOREN se es ee, 0738 0°74 
Pests ori o> ae pst oe ares OPE o°8r 
Professor Reynolds says:—It is well known that the 
heating effect practically obtained from ordinary rough turf 
rarely exceeds 40 per cent of that afforded by Staffordshire 
coal; this ball-peat possesses a heating value equivalent to 
55 per cent of that of the class of coal mentioned, or, in 
other words, to produce the heating effect obtainable from 
1 ton of average Staffordshire coal it is necessary to burn 
about 25 tons of ordinary turf, while 1°8 tons of ball-peat 
would give the same amount of heat. 
Reuben and Israel Levy exhibit ‘‘ Leigh’s” Patent Phoenix 
Fuel, which consists of refuse from coal fires mixed with tar 
or pitch, and made into balls. We cannot see the economy 
of the process, as it leaves 75 per cent of ash; they claim 
the novelty of using the ashes ad infinitum. 
Radeke’s patent artificial fuel consists of small coal, 
bound together in blocks by the aid of silica, both in solu- 
tion and in a powdered state. 
