244 Notices of Books. (April, 
chapters which he devotes to it. He insists on the remarkable 
simplicity and uniformity in the form of the crania of savage 
races compared with those of civilised and highly complex 
nations like our own; and this agrees with the much greater 
uniformity in savage character, and the less frequent occurrence 
of men of exceptional mental peculiarities. The extreme care 
and minute accuracy with which all the facts relating to this in- 
teresting people have been investigated, should secure for the 
author the credit of impartiality in the table of the comparative 
development of the various phrenological organs in eighteen in- 
dividuals (males and females), taken, he assures us, without bias 
of any kind. The comparison of the average character denoted 
by the table and the observed peculiarities of the race are very 
interesting; and we can hardly believe that so intelligent 
an observer and reasoner could have failed to discover the 
unreality of phrenology if it were so entirely destitute of truth 
as it is the fashion with scientific men to assume. 
The skull of the Todas is extremely and universally dolicho- 
cephalic,—that is long in proportion to its width. This form is 
very characteristic of low types of man, unprogressive and 
unenergetic. The Ancient Britons, the Lapps, Fins, Siamese, 
and some others, are, on the other hand, highly brachycephalic, 
that is, the skull is short, and approaches the globular form. 
Now Colonel Marshall gives us a suggestive theory of the 
meaning of these marked differences of form, and we believe 
it is the first theory of the kind that has been advanced; for, 
while strenuously opposing phrenology, the craniologists of the 
present day have not made the slightest approach to a correlation 
of cranial form with national or individual character. Enormous 
collections of skulls have been made; they have been figured 
and measured with the most scrupulous accuracy; the various 
proportions of the different dimensions have been compared; the 
averages of different races have been taken,—and all with no 
result whatever! It is, indeed, pretty generally agreed that the 
higher and more civilised races have the larger brains, and 
therefore the larger crania; but as to why these crania should 
differ in form and proportion so widely as they do, we obtain no 
light whatever. Nor has the study of the anatomy of the brain 
led to any more definite results; and even the recent experiments 
of Professor Ferrier are capable of various interpretations, since, 
while the phrenologists see in them a confirmation of their own 
doctrines, Dr. Carpenter maintains that they support his view, 
which is that the higher intellectual faculties are situated in the 
back of the head, while the development of the forehead only in- 
dicates the predominance of faculties common to man and the 
lower animals! 
According to modern phrenology, the group of organs situated 
at the sides of the head, and which thus give it breadth and 
fulness, are termed invigorating, being those which give the 
