302 Peat Bogs. July, 
from the flat tops of the hills, that was lodged on the surface 
of the stones, by rain and wind, on which heather, &c., 
grew, and by the growth and decay of such the great thick- 
ness of peat was accumulated; from these shingles the peat 
is extending up the slopes of the hills. 
In some of the once-inhabited but now depopulated valleys 
(and similar facts may be observed in parts of the highlands 
of Scotland) the growth of the peat is remarkable; it now 
having nearly obliterated the sites of the farmsteads and 
fields. The growth of peat differs on the hill-tops and in 
the valleys: on the first it is somewhat similar to that of 
lowland bog, in the plain it being principally due to the 
growth and decay of vegetation; for this reason it is more 
or less tussocky: but the turf in the valleys is only partially 
due to vegetable growth and decay, for it is partly derived 
from peaty matter carried on to it; it is therefore usually 
much more dense and level on the surface; it is, however, 
very variable in composition, as in some places it is more 
favourably situated than in others for receiving extraneous © 
matter. 
As yet no human relic has been recorded from the sub- 
marine bogs; but as such peat accumulations have only been 
proved by borings or small excavations, while vast extents 
are unexplored, it is not likely that they should have been 
found; but in the subaérial peats they are not uncommon. 
In Drumkelin bog, parish of Inver, Co. Donegal, a log house 
was found under 14 feet of bog, the house being 8 feet high, 
while under it was 15 feet of bog, in all 37 feet deep. Stone 
celts, sharpened stakes, and methers full of lard or butter, 
have at different times been exhumed from under bog from 
10 to 15 feet deep, in the mountain pass N.W. of Glenbon- 
niv, parish of Feakle, Co. Clare; and the late J. Beete Jukes, 
F.R.S., on seeing the huts, remarked that they were exactly 
similar to the huts built by the natives of Newfoundland to 
shelter them while waiting for the deer in their annual 
migration. In one place in the ridge of hills N.W. of the 
small market-town of Clifden, Co. Galway, wattle fences 
were found stuck in the clay under bog from 8 to 12 feet deep. 
The ridge of these hills is very uneven, large flat spaces oc- 
curring, usually connected by more or less narrow passes. 
These wattle fences consisted of stakes driven into the 
ground, and interwoven with horizontal rods or branches, 
gaps here and there being left open; they always occurred 
opposite to one of the passes leading from one flat to 
another ; and what seems remarkable about them is that they 
are similar to the description of traps made for deer at the 
