1874.] The Iowa and Illinois Tornado. 347 
The following represents the apparent direCtion of motion 
of the two funnels as they approached each other :— 
PIGS 12° 
& 
7 
The house and steam saw-mill of Joseph Kohlhaus stood 
directly in the path of the meteor, at the distance of a 
quarter of a mile from the river, on the north side. 
The buildings stood upon the summit of a rising ground, 
about 30 feet high. Between it and the river is a half pool, 
half marsh. It was completely emptied of water. The 
breadth of the path of wholesale destru€tion was, upon the 
summit of the hill, 270 yards. The house stood 100 yards 
from the eastern and 170 yards from the western extremity 
of this path. The timbers and contents of this house were 
carried in a half-circle first to the north-west, then to the 
west, then south-west, then south, and finally to the north- 
east, the heavier articles being generally sifted out first, 
thus marking the way the ruins went. 
On the eastern edge of the path was an orchard, and on 
the western a wood. The trees in the orchard were blown 
down from the south-east and south; the trees in the wood 
from the north and north-west. Portions of the clothing 
from the house and shingles from the roof lay among the 
trees in the wood, or stuck among the branches. ‘There 
were no signs of explosion, the doors and windows having 
been blown in. The inmates were all more or less injured. 
The width over which fences were blown down was here 
about three-quarters of a mile. An iron plough, weighing 
200 lbs., was carried 4o yards. The sheet-iron chimney was 
carried 2 miles to the north-east. An iron sausage-machine, 
6 inches by 8, and weighing 15 lbs., was blown away; part 
of it was found 1200 yards distant. The wheels of waggons 
were smashed, and the tyres twisted. 
Fig. 13 is a representation of the effects of the whirlwind 
at this place. 
After leaving the mill the storm ascended a hill some 
200 feet in height, levelling the fences, but with evidently 
diminished violence. 
Passing over the top of the hill in a north-east direCtion, 
it struck Rock Creek, which here runs south, with a little 
