130 PUPA. 



Idaho, also from near Los Angeles, California. It 

 also occurs in the east. 



The Pupas, which we are next to consider, belong 

 to a very ancient family, for the fossil shell of a little 

 Pnpa which was found in the coal mines of Nova 

 Scotia, is the oldest land-shell that has ever been dis- 

 covered. They take their name, evidently, from 

 their resemblance to the pupa-case of an insect. 



The shells of all our species are small, some of 

 them being so minute that they would not be noticed 

 except by experienced eyes. 



The first one, shown in Fig. 120, bears the name 



Pupa Californica^ Rowell, Pu'-pa Cal-i-for'-ni-ca. 



Although the cut is small enough, still it gives 



, ^ a greatly enlarged view of the shell, and even 

 ^ the cross is too long to tell the truth. The shell 

 is nearly cylindrical, with about five whorls, 

 Fig. 120. and a small aperture on the sides of which are 

 four very minute white teeth. The color of the shell 

 is brown. It has been found near Lone Mountain, 

 in San Francisco, also in southern California, and it 

 doubtless exists in other localities. 



Pnpa Arizoncnsis^ Gabb, Ar-i-zo-nen'-sis, is simi- 

 lar in form to its California relative, but it is larger, 

 being one-eighth of an inch in length. It has been 

 found in Arizona, Nevada and Utah. 



Pupa RowcUi^ Newcomb, Row-ell'-i, is a minute 

 species, apparently but slightly different from Cali- 

 foniica, but more conical. It has been observed in 

 several places in California, particularh' near the city 

 of Oakland, among rocks. 



Pupa Blaiidi, Morse, occurs in Dakota, Colorado, 

 and also in Utah, near Logan. Its shell is composed 



