1869.] Zoologij. 157 



part, no doubt (but only iii part), owing to the immobility of the 

 body, 8th, It is in the region of the occipital protuberance that 

 the elevation of temperatui'e had its chief seat in the preceding ex- 

 periments. 



It will be interesting to consider the bearing of these phenomena 

 on the Conservation of Force, It is apparently clear that intellec- 

 tual activity — thought — is a force totally distinct from, although 

 associated with, the mode of motion known as " heat," for both, it 

 appears, increase in activity simultaneously. More than this it 

 were not prudent to say at present, but it appears that here we 

 have the first approach to a better understanding between the rela- 

 tions of " miud and matter," a subject upon which so much has 

 been said speculatively, and so little done experimentally. 



Effects of Rowing upon the Circulation.— Dv. Fraser, of 

 Edinburgh, has been carefully examining the efiects of rowing on 

 the pulse, by means of the sphygmograph. Dr, Fraser had the 

 opportunity of recording the " sphygmograms " of a crew of healthy 

 men on several occasions, before leaving the boat-house and im- 

 mediately after return. The tracings show clearly that an extremely 

 large quantity of blood is being cu-cukted with great rapidity — a 

 condition of the circulation which would be considered essential on 

 other grounds for the continuance of prolonged and severe muscular 

 exertion. It is obvious that in the great majority of functional and 

 organic diseases of the vascular system such a condition could not 

 possibly be maintained. The subjects of these diseases are therefore 

 completely incapacitated from violent rowing exercise, and cannot 

 be in a position to be mjured by it. It is possible that the presence 

 of incipient forms of disease of the vascular system may not alto- 

 gether prevent such exercise from being undertaken ; but Dr. 

 Fraser believes that all such diseases may be detected by the use of 

 the sphygmograph in time to prevent further mischief, the exami- 

 nation being made immediately before the boat is entered, and a 

 few minutes after a moderate pull has been indulged in. The 

 effects produced by rowing on the circulation do not differ from 

 those of many other forms of muscular exercise. 



The Phijsiological Effect of Snake-bite. — Dr. JosejDh Jones, of 

 New York, has made some interestmg observations on the effects of 

 snake-bite. He used the American snake called the Copperhead, 

 and subjected several dogs, at various times, to its bite. In s nne 

 cases the dogs died ; in others they recovered. In all cases Dr. 

 Jones observed carefully the microscopical condition of the blood, 

 and in cases of death made post-mortem examinations. Dr. Jones 

 observes, in one case, " The blood from the swollen infiltrated 

 cellular structures of the head and nose where the snake inflicted 

 the severest bite presented a j^ecuhar appearance : thousands of 



