254 Chronicles of Science. [-^pi'ilj 



traces of such arms. Still, some vestiges would have escaped 

 destruction, and they will, when discovered, become the objects of 

 much interest. Fifteen only of the thirty-five implements are 

 enthe, but some of the others, though not perfect, are of great 

 importance. One of these latter, made of a greyish flint, form^;d 

 part of a strong blade 25 millimetres in thickness, smooth beneath, 

 slightly convex above, of a uniform width and thickness (82 and 

 25 millimetres respectively). Its length, which at first must have 

 been — so far as we can judge by its other dimensions — from 12 to 

 15 centimetres, is no more than 8 ; in this state it was still large 

 enough to be made useful, and by the following expedient : — It was 

 necessary to make a new edge, and it was first cut square. This 

 was performed by two saw-cuts made on the opposite faces, and 

 continued so as to nearly meet, the separation having, however, been 

 finished by fracture. The stone appears to have been attacked first . 

 on the convex side, which is more deeply cut, and, strange to say, 

 the depth of the notch is hkewise convex. This cutting or sawing 

 may have been performed in a manner similar to that practised by 

 the inhabitants of St. Domingo, and their neighbours on the 

 adjoining continent, as recorded by Oviedo, who visited the country 

 in 1513. With sand and a thread of cabuia or henequen (two 

 species of agave) they can cut u'on. They make use of the thread 

 as we should of a saw, drawing it alternately from right to left, 

 during which they move about and rub quickly against the iron very 

 fine sand, which they have previously spread along the passage. 

 Some of the other specimens have been cut in a similar manner. In 

 the majority of the Javan specimens the edges are square, and the 

 thickness nearly uniform — features that are characteristic of the 

 Scandinavian celts. The implements seem all adapted for cuttuig 

 wood. Some of the heavier specimens must have needed both the 

 arms of a strong man to wield them, and they probably were used 

 for chopping down trees, whilst the smaller tools, which could be 

 used with one arm, were intended for more delicate work. All have 

 been shaped on a similar plan. They ofier in general a single cutting- 

 edge formed at the expense of the lower face, which is even, or slightly 

 concave, like our modern adzes. They have been formed from flmt, 

 chalcedony, jasper, porphyry, aphanite, sandstone, &c. The report 

 is illustrated with a plate, representing an adze fi'om the Isle 

 D'Oualan (Carolinas), and an ancient implement found in Egj-pt, 

 which are very similar to the forms from Java, described by M. 

 Eoulin. 



Mr. Woodward read a paper before the" Geologists' Association 

 on " Man and the Mammoth ; being an Account of the Animals 

 found associated with early Man in Pre-historic Times."* The 



* The lecture Las since been publislicd in cxtenso in the 'Geological Magazine,' 

 February, 1869, p. 58. 



