1869.] Archeology. 411 



cedent wooden constructions, carefully copied in stone and but little 

 altered ; and the latter jDeriod, by the Amravati tope, which from 

 its beauty and elaborate workmanship clearly shows the develop- 

 ment in architectural art which had taken place between their 

 erection. 



The Buddhist religion, like most forms of worship, became in 

 process of time corrupted from its original purity and simphcity, 

 and Mr. Fergusson traces in the sculpture upon these monuments 

 the gi-adual introduction and ultimate adoption of tree and serpent 

 worship with the religion of Buddha. This tree and serpent worship 

 is found not alone in India, but aj)pears to have prevailed in the 

 world from the earliest times. The author traces in the account 

 of the tree and serpent in the Book of Genesis a remnant of that 

 old worship, and he shows how it had found its way among the 

 Greeks and Eomans, thence to Scandinavia, and every part of 

 Europe. Tree and serpent worship prevails in Africa to a large 

 extent, and there is even evidence of its existence in America. 



The application of Architecture as an aid to Ethnology can 

 hardly be too highly estimated, especially when the task of working- 

 out devolves upon so able and distinguished a scholar as Mr. 

 Fergusson, and we hope that further researches may yield further 

 results as worthy of publication as is the present volume. 

 ;. The illustrations to this beautiful work must be seen and 

 carefully studied, and they will be found well worth examination. 

 An old Indian officer observed to the writer, " India is full of grand 

 architectural monuments, but they all belong to the native races : 

 if the Enghsh were driven out to-morrow, the only monument they 

 would leave behind would be empty hoUIes I " 



The appearance of two more parts* of Messrs. Lartet and 

 Christy's Beliquim Aquitanicai completes the description of the 

 human and animal remains from the Cro-Magnon Cave. The 

 human bones belonged to an old man, a woman of thirty-five or 

 forty years of age, and an adult man. One of the old man's thigh- 

 bones j)resents traces of an old wound, received possibly in a fight, 

 and the skull of the woman had been penetrated through the left 

 frontal bone, apparently by a blow from a stone axe, which seems 

 to have caused death after about twenty days, as around the hole is 

 a deposit of finely porous bony matter, which must have required 

 fifteen to twenty days for its production. 



These circumstances, coupled with the facial characters and the 

 powerful muscular impressions on the limb-bones, stamp the Cro- 

 Magnon people as a violent and a brutal race ; but their brains do 

 not lack size and good proportions, so that we may well infer from 

 this fact and from their ingenuity in the fabrication of weapons, and 



* Parts viii. aud ix. 



VOL. VI. 2 r 



