1869.] Biology. 609 



part of the head, and that the broad expansive forehead had nothing 

 whatever to do with the supremacy of human intellect. 



Dr. Henry Blanc, Staff Assistant-surgeon. Bengal Army, read 

 a paper " On Human Vaccine Lymph and Heifer Lymph com- 

 pared." He believed it was an estabhshed fact that certain skin 

 diseases and syphilis were transmitted by humanized lymph, and 

 that such humanized lymph in time lost its power as a preventive 

 of small-pox. He supported these positions by copious references 

 to facts and authorities, and proposed vaccination direct from the 

 heifer as the only remedy for these evils. By this alone could they 

 render vaccination efficacious, and restore the usefulness and prestige 

 of Jenner's great remedy. 



Other papers were, a " Keport on Chloral," by Dr. Kichardson ; 

 " On the Occasional Definition of the Convolutions of the Brain on 

 the Exterior of the Head," by Dr. T. S. Prideaux ; " On the Inter- 

 pretation of the Limbs and the Lower Jaw," by Professor Cleland ; 

 and "On Voltaic Electricity in relation to Physiology," by Mr. 

 Bridgman. 



Mr. E. B. Tylor presided over the Ethnological and Anthropo- 

 logical meetings. Sir John Lubbock's paper on " The Primitive 

 Condition of Man ; being some Kemarks in answer to the Specula- 

 tions of the Duke of Argyll," attracted a crowded audience. This 

 was an elaborate essay, of which it is impossible to give a brief 

 abstract. Its main object was to show that man had steadily pro- 

 gressed from an early state of moral and mental as well as social 

 barbarism, and that knowledge meant civilization, ignorance bar- 

 barism. The Duke of Argyll, on the other hand, had maintained 

 that there was no necessary connection between a state of childhood, 

 as regards knowledge, and a state of barbarism, and that some of 

 the worst savages were the descendants of more civilized races. 

 Sir George Grey was inclined to support Archbishop Whateley and 

 the Duke of Argyll. He had witnessed in London scenes of bar- 

 barism such as he had never met with among savage nations. He 

 believed civihzation was inseparable from religious feeling, and this 

 did not depend upon material progress. Mr. Howorth gave 

 instances of nations in Eastern Asia which had undoubtedly de- 

 generated. Mr. Wallace admitted that the evidence was over- 

 whelming for a steady advance in knowledge and intellect, but 

 doubted if there was any similar evidence of an equal advance in 

 moral feeling. Savages possessed a moral sense which influenced 

 them just as much as it influenced civilized people. Knowledge 

 and civilization gave to morality a wider sphere of action, but the 

 sense or feeling itself did not appear to be more generally diffused 

 or more active in civilized than in savage man. Dr. Blunc, Sir 



VOL. VI. 2 T 



