134 Progress in Science. [January, 
further beyond deeper water was reached, and an erect position became 
possible. We drew the seine in a narrow channel, and after an exploration 
under the bordering rocks secured two fishes. A second haul secured another. 
Another was seen, but we failed to catch it, and on emerging from the cave I 
had a fifth securely in my hand as I thought, but found my fingers too numb 
to prevent its freeing itself by its active struggles, 
“If these Amblyopses be not alarmed they come to the surface to feed, and 
swim in full sight like white aquatic ghosts. They are then easily taken by 
the hand or net if perfeé silence is preserved; for they are unconscious of 
the presence of an enemy except through the medium of hearing. This sense, 
however, is evidently very acute, for at any noise they turn suddenly down- 
ward and hide beneath stones, &c. on the bottom. They must take much 
of their food near the surface, as the life of the depths is apparently very 
sparse. This habit is rendered easy by the structure of the fish; for the 
mouth is direéted upwards, and the head is very flat above, thus allowing the 
mouth to be at the surface. This structure also probably explains the fa& of 
its being the sole representative of the fishes in subterranean waters. No 
doubt many other forms were carried into the caverns since the waters first 
found their way there; but most of them were, like those of our present 
rivers, deep water or bottom feeders. Such fishes would starve ina cave river, 
where much of the food is carried to them on the surface of the stream. The 
Amblyopsis belongs, with two other genera of imperfect seers, to the family 
Hypseidw, which, with the pike, shore-minnow, and mud-fish families, form 
the order of Haplomi. 
“Of the other animals, one beetle (Anophthalmus), the cricket (Phalangopsis) , 
a fly, the Ofilio-like spider, the centipede, and the blind crawfish, are probably 
the same as those found in the Mammoth Cave. Two beetles and two crusta- 
ceans are certainly different from those of the latter, and the centipedes are 
much more numerous. The Gammaroid crustacean which we find in the 
waters of the Mammoth Cave, and which is no doubt, in part, the food of the 
blind fish, we did not find; but some such species no doubt exists. 
‘The mutual relations of this cave-life form an interesting subject. In the 
first place, two of the beetles, the crickets, the centipede, the Gatnmaroid 
crustacean (food of the blind fish), are more or less herbivorous ; they furnish 
food for the spiders, crawfish, Anophthalmus, and the fish. The vegetable food 
supporting them is, in the first place, fungi, which in various small forms 
grow up in damp places in the cave; they can always be found attached to 
excrementitious matter dropped from the bats, rats, and other animals which 
extend their range in the outer air.” 
The history of the development of the wing of the butterfly in the larva and 
the chrysalis has been carefully studied by Dr. Landois, who, after noticing 
the labours of Swammerdam and later observers on this subject, proceeds to 
describe—(1) The development of the wing in the caterpillar; (2) The 
change which it undergoes in the chrysalis stage; and (3) The processes that 
go on in the completed wing. The paper, which is too strictly anatomical to 
admit of a popular analysis, is a very valuable one, and is illustrated by highly 
magnified figures of the wing-germs of the fore and hind wings after the first 
moulting of the larva, and likewise after the second and fourth moultings; of 
a section of the wing in the chrysalis state; of the venation of the perfec 
wing, &c.—(“ Zeitsch. f. Wissensch. Zoologie :”” Dritter Heft, 1871). 
Mr. E. Ray Lankester has just published in the ‘“ Quarterly Journal of 
Microscopical Science,” an elaborate paper entitled ‘‘ Observations and Expe- 
riments on the Red Blood-Corpuscle, chiefly with Regard to the Action of 
Gases and Vapours;” and the following paragraph contains his ‘ general 
conclusions and summary.” The red blood-corpuscle of the vertebrata 
is a viscid and at the same time elastic disk, oval, or round in outline, 
its surface being differentiated somewhat from the underlying material, 
and forming a pellicle or membrane of great tenuity, not distinguishable 
with the highest powers (whilst the corpuscle is normal and living), and 
