282 Music of Speech. [July, 
fact, discovered the true meaning of ‘‘ correct intonation.” 
His views and researches have not been published to-day; in 
America the work has reached the sixth edition; here it is 
comparatively unknown. In the following pages, then, will 
be attempted an epitome of Dr. Rush’s investigations, 
showing that a standard of correct elocution is no longer a 
matter of arbitrary taste, but has passed into the defined 
and law-ruled realms of science. 
The constituents of the human voice may be referred to 
the five following modes :— 
Quality, 
Force, 
Time, 
Abruptness, 
Pitch. 
The quality of a voice is sufficiently distinguished by the 
metaphorical terms—rough, smooth, harsh, full, thin, 
musical. This mode does not require any elucidation. 
‘‘Even in simple conversation,” says M. Garcia, ‘‘if the in- 
tention be to represent anything extensive, hollow, or 
slender, the voice produces, by a moulding movement, sounds 
of a corresponding descriptive character.” 
There is a peculiar quality pertaining to the voice of an 
actor or orator of long pra¢tice, ordinarily described as 
‘“‘roundness of tone,” the ore rotundo of Horace. This 
orotund quality may be acquired without that long and 
wearying toil to which the professional speaker must submit, 
as, indeed, may be acquired any vocal mode by diligent 
analysis. First we notice in this quality of voice a resonance 
similar to that possessed by a musical instrument, the tone 
of which has become mellow by age. Again we notice that 
in coughing a certain fullness of tone can be sometimes 
recognised in the short percussive vocalities. The resonance 
of the musicai instrument arises from a definite relation of 
the vibrating body of air within the instrument to the 
number of vibrations made by: the reed or string per second. 
In speaking into a vase there are some notes of the voice 
which find, as it were, an answer, and are produced with 
greater sonority. When in coughing we contract portions 
of the pharynx, this resonant cavity of the mouth then con- 
tains a body of air capable of being set in vibration by the 
tone uttered; the result is a peculiar fullness or breadth 
amounting occasionally to hoarseness. The vocality of the 
cough has the duration only of the passing breath; keeping 
the organs in their assumed position, and prolonging the 
