376 Notices of Books. [July, 
because Dr. Biichner’s lectures were delivered before Mr. 
Darwin’s ‘‘ Descent of Man”’ was known in Germany; but the 
following obtains in the superior evidence brought forward by 
Mr. Darwin. Dr. Biichner has answered the preceding ques- 
tions; but the next he proposes, ‘‘ Whither are we going ?”— 
we must agree with his translator, Mr. W. S. Dallas, F.L.S., in 
saying that we do not arrive at the same conclusions. Man, 
Dr. Buchner, who is a thorough materialist, considers to be 
immortal, to the extent that the living principle which animates 
the material form is transmutable, and, following the doctrine of 
the conservation of energy, is never removed from this world, 
being absorbed by other, on the decay of the present material ; 
thus it is form only that suffers change. From this basis it 
would appear that man is to go on improving until the struggle 
for the means of existence becomes a struggle for existence 
itself, guided by a fully developed intellect. Then the author 
proceeds to depict this mundane paradise, governed by a 
republic, possessing no restrictions as to private property, the 
restoration periodically of capital to the community. In spite of 
this philosophical Hades to which we are to be consigned, 
it is certainly comforting to know that we are not an animal 
system to be developed by-and-bye into a yet more perfect 
organisation; but that the advance we make in this present 
life will benefit us when we become somebody or something else, 
or a portion of several somebodies or somethings else. Seriously, 
while admiring the logical continuity of the first sections of the 
work, it must be said that the last portion is liable to cause the 
condemnation by many of the entire work. So far from being 
the opinion that the theory of evolution logically results in utter 
materialism, Professor Huxley has just said in the “ Fortnightly 
Review,” that ‘‘ personally he was not a materialist, but, on the 
contrary, believed that materialism contained grave philosophic 
error.” And Professor Huxley is not only a naturalist second to 
none, but an enthusiastic advocate of Darwinism. We recom- 
mend the books collectively and individually to our readers. 
A Manual of Zoology for the Use of Students. With a General 
Introduction on the Principles of Zoology. By H. ALLEYNE 
Nicuotson, M.D., D.Sc., &c., Professor of Natural 
History and Botany in University College, Toronto, &c. 
Second Edition. Edinburgh and London: W. Blackwood 
and Sons. 1871. 
OnLy six months ago we noticed the first edition of this work as 
fulfilling a want in our series of text-books. That there were 
many to whom this work has proved acceptable is evidenced by 
the early issue of this second edition. The author has taken 
advantage of the opportunity to make many additions, the plan of 
