468 Paper at the International Exlibition. (October, 
building, where many varieties of Indian, Egyptian, Ame- 
rican, Chinese, and other cottons may be studied in their 
natural state. In Room I. in the west galleries, close by, 
the further development of cotton through the various 
stages of ginning, blowing, making into laps, carding, 
breaking, finishing, drawing, slubbing, roving, the mule, 
and weaving-looms, are all successively shown, most of the 
machines being exhibited in a¢tual work, whilst cases along 
the side walls contain specimens of almost all the known 
species of cotton in their raw state, accompanied, in some 
instances, with specimens of the manufactured article, in 
all the various stages through which it passes before 
arriving in the perfect state in what it is known as “‘ cotton 
goods.” ‘The seeds of some species of cotton, after ginning, 
have a certain quantity of short cotton fibre adhering to 
them. ‘This is carefully cleaned, and the ‘‘cotton waste” 
so obtained used for paper manufacture. The other prin- 
cipal materials employed in the production of paper in the 
various provinces of China are hemp, the young shoots of 
the bamboo, the mulberry-tree, the rattan, sea-weed, rice 
and wheat straw, silk cocoons, the bark of the Brousso- 
netia papyrifera, and the pith of the Avalia papyrifera, 
from which the celebrated Chinese rice-paper is made. 
In Japan, the principal plant from which paper is 
manufactured is the Broussonetia papyrifera, or paper 
mulberry. Another plant, known as the Toroto, which 
grows not unlike the cotton plant, yields a paper fibre from 
its root, but neither the flower nor the seed are of any use 
forthe purpose. There are also the Makoso, or paper plant, 
the Kajiso, and the takaso, used for paper of an inferior 
quality. 
The following is a list of the Indian fibres used for paper- 
making, samples of which are all exhibited together with, 
in most cases, samples of paper made from them. 
Punjab Flax, Linum usitatissimum. 
Rheea, Behmeria nivea. 
Puya Bark, Behmeria puya. 
Puya Fibre, Baxhmeria puya. 
Nilgiri Nettle, Urtica heterophylla. 
Mudar, Calotropsis gigantea. 
Bedolee Sutta, Pederia fetida. 
Jute, Corchorus olitorius. 
Sufet Bariala, Sida rhomboidea. 
Ambaree, Hibiscus cannabinus. 
Roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffa. 
Indian Mallow, Abutilon indicum. 
Bun Okra, Urvena lobata. 
Himalayan Hemp, Cannabis sativa. 
Sunn Hemp, Crotalaria juncea. 
Jubbulpore Hemp, Crotalaria tenui- 
folia. 
Dunchee, Sesbania aculeata. 
Pine Apple Fibre, Ananassa sativa. 
Marool, Sanseviera zeylamca. 
Agave, Agave americana. 
Great Aloe, Fourcroya gigantea. 
Adam’s nettle, Yucca gloriosa. 
Plantain, Musa paradisiaca. 
Screw Pine, Pandanus odoratissimus. 
Red Bast, from Pegu. 
Shaw Nee, Shaw Young, Shaw Layb- 
way, and That Pootnet Shaw, all 
from Burmah. 
Nepal Paper Shrub,Daphne cannabina. 
