1872.] Paper at the International Exhibition. 477 
a strong and lasting material. This cloth is made princi- 
pally in the Daimiate of Seudai. Boxes, trays, and even 
saucepans, may be made of this cloth; and saucepans thus 
manufactured sustain no injury over a strong charcoal heat. 
Bags may be made of it, in which wine may be put, and 
heated by insertion in boiling water. Paper thus prepared 
may be used for papering windows, and will withstand the 
rain without being oiled.” 
For the manufacture of oil-paper for rain-coats, &c., the 
paper should be that locally known as ‘‘senka” or ‘‘ tosa- 
senka.” The glue used for joining the paper is made of 
young fern shoots, ground and boiled into a paste, and 
thinned by admixture with the juice expressed from unripe 
persimmons. The dye is usually green, yellow, red, or 
black. Whichever colour is used, the colouring matter— 
generally a powder—is boiled with bean paste, and the 
paper is then painted with it. The preparation of the paper 
consists principally in softening it by rubbing it in the 
hands. ‘The oil used is a seed oil called ‘‘ Ye-no-abura.” 
Amongst the specimens of Japanese manufactures at the 
International Exhibition are the following :—A net coat, 
worn next to the skin in warm weather by the better 
classes. This is manufactured by rolling strips of strong 
paper of equal size into a sort of string, and then working 
them by hand into a neat net-pattern. It takes some days 
to complete a garment of this kind, and it will bear washing. 
Hats worn by the higher class of Yakunins are made by 
working paper into a very heavy substance by placing many 
layers over each other until it attains a very hard and wood- 
like material. It is then varnished to render it waterproof. 
Paper hats are also worked so as to resemble straw hats 
by the paper being twisted, and then plaited, shaped, and 
varnished. 
Paper made to resemble leather is shown in the shapes of 
a box and cover for sandals. It is much used by the natives, 
and is well adapted for binding books, covering boxes, &c. 
The above notices will suffice to show the variety of 
purposes to which paper may be applied besides those which 
are too well known to all to need any special notice on the 
present occasion. Weshall conclude the present article by 
a brief allusion to the art of the so-called ‘‘ water-marking” 
of paper, which is now carried to a very high state of 
excellency, so as almost to deserve being classed amongst 
the fine arts. ’ 
The ordinary mode of effecting these paper-marks is that 
of affixing a stout wire,in the form of any object to be 
