482 The Physiological Position of Tobacco. (October, 
b. Smoking faster.— 
Pulsation of the last minute in the previous part of this 
experiment, viz. 95 per minute—smoking 3 minutes, 
945 94, 90. 
c. The pipe recharged.— 
Smoking 5 minutes—87, 93, 96, 96, 96. 
There was, therefore, a large effect upon the pulsation, 
but probably not more than would have occurred with 
ordinary smoking. 
Numerous other experiments were made with tobaccos of 
different reputed strengths and upon different persons, and 
the author gave minute directions as to the proper method 
of making such inquiries.” 
The heart, then, during the a¢t of smoking, was doing 
extra work; in some of the experiments this additional 
labour amounting to more than 50 per cent. 
The effect upon the heart is not caused by dire¢t aétion 
upon that organ, but by paralysing the minute vessels 
which form the batteries of the nervous system. Thus 
paralysed, they can no longer offer effectual resistance, and 
the heart, freed from their control, increases the rapidity of 
its strokes, expanding the vessels, with an apparent ac- 
cession, but real waste, of force. 
Its effect in lowering the animal temperature is very 
striking. When the walls of the blood-vessels are dis- 
tended with that fluid, the increase in volume decreases the 
rapidity of the circulation and augments the local warmth. 
When the walls partially collapse, the circulation becomes 
quicker, but the heat diminishes. The heat; in faét, is 
transformed into motion. 
Blatin illustrates this by an experiment upon a dog. He 
took a spaniel of medium size, and noted the arterial tension 
in the carotid, and the rate of pulsation before and after the 
subcutaneous injection of 0°004 m.grm. of nicotine into the 
abdomen. ‘The tension increased from between o*r41 
m.grm. and o'144 m.grm. to between o°148 m.grm. and 
0°155 m.grm.; the pulse rose from 115 to 328 beats per 
minute. 
Again, he introduced the hamadynamometer into the ab- 
domen of a dog four or five months old, and found the 
pressure to be 0'082 m.grm. On injecting 0°002 m.grm. of ni- 
cotine, the pressure increased to o'0g0 m.grm. 
The spaniel named as the subject of the first experiment 
was selected fifteen days after for another operation. Its 
