136 Niagara. [April, 
importance. Foremost in the list stand the names of Sir 
Charles Lyell and Professor James Hall, who visited the 
district together in 1841, and who afterwards published the 
conclusions, that they appear to have arrived at together. 
Sir Charles Lyell, in the “‘ Proceedings: of the Geological 
Society of London” for 1842 and 1843, and more fully in his 
“Travels in North America,’’ where there is an excellent 
coloured bird’s-eye view of the falls of Niagara and adjacent 
country, and also a geological map of the district, 
in which the reader who has not visited Niagara may 
correct the false impression he is likely to obtain, from the 
necessary foreshortening in the bird’s-eye view, of the small 
distance between the falls and the whirlpool, which are, in 
reality, four miles apart. Professor James Hall published 
nearly identical opinions in the ‘‘ Boston Journal of Natural 
History” for 1843-44,and more fully in the ‘‘ Geology of New 
York,” Part IV., in 1843. The latter work contains not 
only a bird’s-eye view of the distriét, but an excellent map 
of the falls, constructed from a trigonometrical survey made 
in 1841, by Mr. Bakewell: afterwards in £842, corrected 
by Professor Hall and two engineers. The whole of 
Professor Hall’s observations on the glacial phenomena 
of the State of New York should be read by those interested 
in the study of the glacial period. ‘They abound in original 
remarks, and in clear descriptions of the succession of the 
superficial deposits, and many of the conclusions at which 
this eminent state geologist arrived more than thirty years ago 
are only now receiving in England the attention they deserve. 
Professor Hall also describes other rivers running into Lake 
Ontario from the south, which, like Niagara, have had their 
pre-glacial channels filled up, and have since taken a more 
westerly course to the lake. 
In 1859, Professor Ramsay published, in the ‘‘ Quarterly 
Journal of the Geological Society,” his observations on the 
glacial phenomena of Canada, made during a trip to that 
country in the preceding year. In this memoir he pointed 
out, I believe for the first time, that the river must have 
commenced to cut back the gorge at Queenstown, before the 
close of the glacial period. 
To Dr. Newberry, the accomplished chief of the Geological 
Survey of Ohio, Iam greatly indebted, not only for much 
personal kindness and assistance, but for an early copy of 
his ‘“‘ Surface Geology,” to be published in the forthcoming 
volume on the ‘‘ Geology of Ohio,” from which I have obtained 
a vast amount of information respecting the glacial deposits 
of the district of the great lakes. A very large amount of 
