138 Niagara. (April, 
The cliffs bordering the gorge, from the falls to Queens- 
town, are everywhere capped by these deposits ; one of the 
most interesting and instructive sections of which is exposed 
at the whirlpool, four miles below the falls, at the end of the 
filled-up pre-glacial gorge that runs down to St. David’s. 
The following section exhibits the succession of deposits 
that fill the old gorge :— 
Fig. 4. 
ae aoe ae 
J & D ° 
ie ee) OO ae aie 
a YY), ia oo ia WZ, YW 
_ Up es SG cee 
4 ae mes ee LT 
= MU 
ZEA Zag 
ee LSI es Le Lz aE 
i 
Section through the old gorge at the whirlpool, along the line A B in Plan, Fig. 3. 
The lowest bed seen by me at the section is that marked 
A, which consists of clean yellow river sand, with occasional 
seams and rolled lumps of clay. Below these sands there 
were exposed, when Lyell described the beds,* strata of 
pebbles, cemented together by carbonate of lime, overlying 
laminated clays. I saw one large mass of the pebbly con- 
elomerateg lying on the beach, and have shown its position 
in the section underlying a, but I have not inserted the 
laminated beds mentioned by Lyell, as some that I saw 
low down in the gorge had evidently slipped down from A 
and B, the whole face of the unconsolidated materials filling 
the gorge, showing many slips produced by rain and frost. 
The bed of laminated sands (A in section) graduates up- 
wards into fine laminated silt (B in section), the powder of 
* Travels in North America, vol. ii. p. 95. 
