1875. | Niagara. 139 
which is almost impalpable when rubbed between the fingers. 
Higher up this silt is unlaminated, and contains a few small 
angular stones. It gradually changes upwards into c, which 
is a true ‘‘f/l,” or “ grund morane,” containing large angu- 
lar and subangular stones, many of great size, scratched 
and grooved. All the blocks imbedded in the clay are of 
the local limestones. A few rounded boulders, of northern 
origin, tie on the surface slope, but they have evidently 
rolled down from above. The higher part of c contains 
fewer and fewer stones, until it merges into D, which 
is composed of unstratified clay or ‘‘ till,” without stones. 
Of this there is from twenty to thirty feet in thickness, 
the upper part being more sandy than the lower, and 
sometimes obscurely stratified. On the surface are a few 
rounded boulders of granite or gneiss, all far travelled from 
the north, and it is noticeable, that whilst the angular 
blocks in the “till” are all of local origin, those lying on 
the surface are almost, if not quite, always of distant deri- 
vation, and are invariably rounded or subangular. Those 
seen on the surface, near the whirlpool, were all of granite 
or gneiss. ‘Thecontinuation of the till (c and p in section) is 
shown in some small valleys that run into the gorge at the 
whirlpool. 
SeGion of small valley running down to the gcrge at the whirlpool. c, till with stones; p, till 
without stones; £, rounded boulders of northern origin on surface. 
Here the till (c and D in section) lies upon the rounded and 
smoothed surface of the limestone. Someof the blocks of lime- 
stone at this point are of great size; one I measured wasg feet 
by 6 feet, its thickness not seen, as it was half buried in the 
ground. On the opposite side of the river, and about a mile 
distant from it, I saw exactly the same succession of beds 
exposed in the cutting of the railway, half way between the 
railway bridge and Lewiston. The northern end of the old 
filled-up gorge at St. David’s shows a similar succession of 
beds, with the addition, that on mounting the plateau from 
the lower one of the lake of Ontario, I found, exposed in 
