234 Aérial Locomotion. [April, 
The Rev. J. G. Wood, though we cannot altogether agree 
with his speculations, is himself a patient and acute original 
observer, of rare merit, and tells his frequently wondrous 
tale in the happiest manner. The result is a work as 
fascinating as the well-known volumes of Kirby and Spence. 
The illustrations represent no fewer than six hundred species 
of insects, not copied at second-hand from the works of 
others, but all drawn from actual specimens, 
VII. AERIAL LOCOMOTION ; 
PETTIGREW versus MAREY. 
By Professor COUGHTRIE. 
i HE great interest taken in aérial locomotion, and the 
eh), increasing belief in the feasibility of a flying machine, 
invest works on natural and artificial flight with a 
certain significance and importance which cannot be over 
estimated in the present day, characterised as it is by 
unusual progress and invention. 
The works to which we wish more especially to direét 
attention, and which have attracted an unusual share of 
notice, are those of Dr. J. Bell Pettigrew, of Edinburgh, 
and Professor E. J. Marey, of Paris. 
The names of Dr. Pettigrew and Professor Marey are 
well known in the scientific world, and require only to be 
mentioned. Both gentlemen are physiologists of a high 
order, both have experimented largely on the subje¢t under 
consideration, and both, as a consequence, are entitled to 
be heard. 
The object of the present article is to show that these 
savants, notwithstanding certain apparent differences (and 
notwithstanding much that has been written to the con- 
trary), essentially agree. The fundamental features of 
flight, according to both, are the same. If there be differ- 
ences, they refer, for the most part, to time and the mode of 
treatment adopted, Dr. Pettigrew having published his views 
some two years before Professor Marey. 
Dr. Pettigrew obtained his results by transfixing the 
abdomen of inse¢ts with a fine needle, and watching the 
wings vibrate against a dark background, by causing dragon- 
flies, butterflies, blowflies, wasps, bees, beetles, &c., to fly 
in a large bell jar, one side of which was turned to the light, 
the other side being rendered opaque by dark pigment; by 
