1868.| On the Mechanical Properties of Iron and Steel. 13 
of deflection and the unit of working strength, which is the mean 
value or working tenacity of each set of bars, as deduced from the 
experiments in their collective form. 
Abstract of Summary of Results from the Experiments on Tension. 
Weight laid sane Corresponding Value ou 
in Ibs. ain per | elongati Ww 
MANUFACTURER. peatiiea tl cana Ycororaea| ie acct 
rupture. of Section. of length. rupture. 
Tons. 
Messrs. Brown, & Co... 2... «ae. e:| 00,003 | 40:35 OSS e200 
ees Camel) hi COs, sousis.s erie) ale 33,718 45:14 “0591 | 2714 
» Naylor & Vickers........ 39,448 48°25 0372 | 1826 
' S. Osborn & Co. ......... 44,129 46:07 "0340 1842 
Fie ebbessemenr: & Conse «<0 .oosLoo 40°15 0705 ule toe le 
» Sanderson, Brothers......| 39592 42°65 ‘0229 1253 
eae Ly Parton & Songs 2s ke 39,925 41°61 0165 807 
IE OCROS Ea GRIGIO CREE RCO Race aes 38,372 43°46 0461 | 1951 
| | 
From the above it will be seen that the mean of all the speci- 
mens of steel experimented upon is greatly in excess of iron, which, 
taken at a breaking strain of 20 tons per square inch of section, 
gives a ratio of 43:46:20, or as 2°17 to 1, bemg more than double 
that of iron in its resistance to tension. These and previous ex- 
periments clearly show the advantages which this material has over 
iron in its malleable state, and the important benefits which it is 
likely to confer when rightly applied in constructive art. 
Abstract of Summary of Results from the Experiments on Compression. 
Greatest |Corresponding ital ES 
MANUFACTURER. ear DEE TE Of Bees 
inch. length. fae 5 
Tons. 
Messrs. Brown & Co. ........- 100°7 B47 39,101 
pa ee Cammmellogn COnseres 32-572) LOO “339 38,231 
» Naylor & Vickers........| 1007 ‘287 32,300 
eo OS DONINGG COs saycciosten, 9 1 LOOKS 267 30,014 
5 istasainginga (Gis,  Solesiddeal| ey 379 42,720 
, Sanderson, Brothers .... 100°7 328 36,906 
» &. Turton & Sons’ ....\..| 100-7 260 29,256 
IWICATI taiscsanile sclactnsserssct LOOK *315 35,504 
This table shows the resisting powers of steel to a force tending 
to crush it; the middle column exhibits the amount of compression 
produced by 100-7 tons, the mean of which is 315. 
These experiments also indicate the superior resisting powers 
