168 Amber ; as Origin and History. [ April, 
the Frische Haff, are situated the seaport and the fortress of Pillau. 
This surface-contour of the country corresponds also with the form 
of the coast, the eastern portion of the north coast and the southern 
portion of the west coast being for the most part flat, and exhibiting 
only Quaternary formations: ‘Diluvium, and Alluvium. The coast 
of the elevated north-western portion of the country, on the con- 
trary, forms steep cliffs both on the north and on the west, and 
exhibits a section from 100 to 190 feet in height. In this manner 
an excellent insight ito the geological structure is afforded, show- 
ing that in many places, under a proportionally slight thickness of 
Diluvium, Tertiary beds are conspicuous at a height of from 80 to 
125 feet above the sea-level. They are not continuous, but are 
interrupted at several places, the gaps being filled up with newer 
formations, such as marl and sand. Sometimes also dislocations 
are seen in the older deposits, while the Tertiary beds are broken 
through and displaced by the pressure of the overlymg masses. 
Fig. I. in the accompanying quarto plate shows the north-western 
part of the coast of Samland on a scale of 1: 100,000. Below it 
is drawn a view of the profile of the same part of the coast, where 
the vertical scale is 86 times that of the horizontal. The notches 
reaching from the surface to the sea-level signify ravines, which 
at various places intersect the coast, and down which streams flowed 
to the sea. The heights are given in Prussian duodecimal feet. 
The places where the Tertiary formation is preserved are shaded 
both upon the map and section: the white portions are therefore 
those where only Postpliocene or Diluvial masses exist. Of the 
formations which belong to the recent period, there occurs on this 
coast only blown sand, or Dunes, and these in so slight a degree as 
to require no attention. 
Where the Tertiary formation crops out it always comprises 
two different deposits ; the underlying consisting of thick beds of 
Glauconitic Sand, which sometimes attains a height of 65 feet above 
the sea-level (Figs. [I., I1I., A), and upon which are the beds of 
the Brown-coal formation, from 60 to 100 feet thick (B). 
The Glauconitic Sand is not everywhere similarly composed. 
It is necessary to distinguish a northern deposit, which occurs on 
the whole of the north coast, and on the northern part of the west 
coast, as far as the village of Kreislacken ; and a southern deposit, 
which extends from Kreislacken to the village of Kraxtepellen, so 
far as the formations can generally be followed on the coast. 
The northern deposit (Fig. IIL., 1, 2,3, A) is very simply con- 
stituted. The upper part, from 40 to 60 feet thick, presents a 
bright-green sand (c), which is composed of rather large quartz- 
grains and bright-green knob-like granules of Glauconite. In the 
north-western corner of Samland, namely, near the villages of 
Grosskuhren, Klemkuhren, and Rosenort, the lower beds of this 
