1868.] Amber; its Origin and History. 177 
Under the “Striped Sand” lies, here and there, a clay-bed 
(Fig. IIL, 2, 63), which I call the Middle; it contains the remains 
of an extinct Flora, changed into coal,—some large portions of 
stems, flattened branches and stalks in greater abundance, and 
many leaves. As at other places, here also it may be observed 
that the last belong in great part to deciduous plants, while the 
wood is almost entirely that of conifers. This Browncoal-flora 
differs from the older Amber-flora; either the latter had perished 
as a shore-flora, and we have in the former the plant-growths of 
more northern and more elevated districts, or—what is more 
probable—the climate and flora of northern Europe had already 
altered. This flora, indeed, contained many species of plants which 
at the present day are quite foreign to the region; but it was, 
nevertheless, very similar to the existing Flora. Poplars, Alders 
(Alnus), Buckthorn (Rhamius), Ash (Fraxinus), and, among the 
Conifers, Tawodiwm dubiwm and Sequoia Langsdorfii formed the 
principal components of the forests of that period; with them, 
however, occurred also a Gardenia with pea-like fruit, a Fig, and 
species of the genera Sapindus, Diospyros, and Banksia. The 
clay in which these plant-remains lie sometimes passes immediately 
into Brown-coal (Fig. IIL., 6.5); generally, however, the latter 
occurs higher, above the “Striped Sand,” and forms the uppermost 
member of the whole series (Fig. III., 2. 5.9). 
It is very remarkable that exactly in the same area which the 
southern deposit of the ‘“ Glauconitic Sand” occupies, the lower 
division of the Browncoal-formation appears to be differently com- 
posed. Instead of the simple clay-bed which lies above or in the 
“ Quartzsand” on the north shore, we find here three deposits of 
clay and argillaceous sand (Fig. III., 4 and 6—2’, 2”, 2"), so that 
the “ Quartzsand” forms only thin layers between them. No one 
can doubt that these clayey deposits owe their origin to the same 
source as the older argillaceous sand which we have previously dis- 
tinguished by the name of the “ White Wall.” More than this, we 
can even determine exactly the area over which the current of the 
river made itself perceptible in the Tertiary sea. For on the por- 
tion of the coast belonging to the village of Gross Hubnicken 
occurs a district, 2,700 paces broad, which contains generally the 
same beds as the districts lying to the north and the south, with 
this difference, that the argillaceous portions are absent (Fig. III, 5). 
Instead of the three clayey beds of the lower stage we find striped 
sand deposited in the “(Quartzsand” of this area (Fig. IIL., 4); and 
we cannot explain this otherwise than by the supposition that the 
current was here so strong that it carried on the argillaceous ingre- 
dients, and sorted out, as it were, the striped sand. At the same 
time this furnishes us with the proof that all the clayey beds of the 
lower stage belong to the “Striped Sand,” and that, therefore, not 
