178 Amber ; as Origin and History. ; [ April, 
only it, but all the infilling of the trough, with the Amber which it 
contains, was also brought there by the same river which during an 
earlier period had floated similar materials from the land into the 
sea. Thus the deposit of the “Glauconitic Sand,” which appears 
to be connected with the Green Sand, is bound up in a wonderful 
manner with the overlying Browncoal-formation. 
The deposits of the middle division of the Browncoal-formation 
have no important relations, for altogether they attain a thickness 
of only 22 feet, and even thus are unrepresented in one-half of 
the trough. The beds of the third division of the formation 
(Figs. IL, III:, B?) are thicker and more wide-spread; they 
extend over the whole area of the Lower Stage, and repose partly 
upon the “ Quartzsand” of that division, and partly upon the beds 
of the second stage. The succession of its various strata is also 
nearly the same as in the Middle Stage. At the base lies a clay- 
bed (Fig. III.—*), which passes upward into a clayey “ Micaceous 
Sand” (7). Both contain plant-remains: pieces of wood and leaves 
of Conifers. As the clay and coal diminish in quantity, the “ Mica- 
ceous Sand” becomes brighter, and at last white. It does not, 
however, contain Glauconite, and is thus distinguished from the 
“Striped Sand.” Its upper layer is in great part composed of a 
Quartzsand, the grains being more equal and smaller than in the 
“Quartzsand” of the Lower Stage; but it can nevertheless only 
be looked upon as an alteration of the same. It is coloured grey 
or black by a great quantity of coal-dust, and is therefore appro- 
priately called “Coal-sand” (Fig. III.—s). In it or im the 
uppermost layer of the “ Micaceous Sand” sometimes occur, finally, 
true beds of Brown-coal (Fig. I1I.—»), from 6 to 8 feet thick, 
which are sometimes sandy, but at others consist of bituminized 
wood, and then contain a great quantity of gigantic trunks of trees. 
These upper Browncoals are those which are found also in other 
remote districts of the Province of Prussia covered by newer forma- 
tions, for instance, near Braunsberg on the Passarje, near Schwetz 
on the Vistula, near Riickshoft on the Baltic, &c. 
From what has now been stated it will be easy to carry on 
the history of Samland through the Tertiary period. When in 
the place of the “ Glauconitic Sand,” the deposition of the “Quartz- 
sand” commenced, the relations of sea and land were not changed. 
As the “Quartzsand ” in the southern districts is much coarser 
than in the northern, and as it forms in the latter area numerous 
intercalated beds between other strata, which do not occur in the 
former, we can infer that it was carried into the Bay from the 
great sea in the south-west. After the deposition of this Sand, 
and of the clayey ingredients which the river washed into the 
Bay, had continued undisturbed for some time, began the gradual 
