1868. | Archzology and Ethnology. 211 
tinent. At Coluit Point, a metatarsal bone from the great toe of 
a human foot was discovered, otherwise these shell-heaps have been 
entirely unproductive of human bones. Remains of numerous 
animals, however, have been found in abundance associated with 
pottery, rude in its manufacture and its ornamentation ; and imple- 
ments of stone and bone, the latter bemg by far the more abundant, 
except in one locality. 
The ‘Anthropological Review’ for January contains, besides 
several articles of interest, a report of Sir John Lubbock’s paper on 
“The Early Condition of Man,” which was read before the British 
Association at Dundee. In this paper the author examines the late 
Dr. Whately’s theory that “man was from the commencement 
pretty much what he is at present ; if possible, even more ignorant 
of the arts and sciences than he is now, but with mental qualities 
not much inferior to our own.” Savages are considered by the 
supporters of this theory to be the degenerate descendants of far 
superior ancestors. Sir John Lubbock advocates the opposite view, 
that ‘man was at first a mere savage, and that our history has on 
the whole been a steady progress towards civilization, though at 
times, and at some times for centuries, the race has been stationary, 
or even has retrograded.” 
M. F. Garrigou has published, in the last volume of the ‘ Bul- 
letin de la Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse,’ a paper en- 
titled, “ Age de Renne dans la Grotte de la Vache, pres de Tarascon 
(Ariége),” which has also been republished in the ‘Annales des 
Sciences Naturelles. The author finds evidence, over an area 
having at most a radius of 3 kilometres, of the existence of man 
at four successive periods—namely, (1) the age of the Ursus speleus 
and Elephas primigenius ; (2) the age of the Reindeer; (5) the 
Polished Stone period ; and (4) the age of Bronze and Iron. 
In the ‘ Reliquary’ for January is an account of the discovery 
of Pre-historic remains in the gravel-beds at Malton, Yorkshire, by 
Mr. Charles Monkman. This discovery has excited considerable 
discussion, and therefore, as this note is illustrated by views of the 
implement, and a rough section of the beds from which it is said to 
have been obtained, it will no doubt be welcome to those interested 
in the subject. The weapon is a polished greenstone axe, appa- 
rently belonging to the Neolithic or Polished Stone period, but it is 
said to have been found in the lower beds of the Malton gravel, and 
immediately beneath a thin bed of clay, said to have been in an 
undisturbed condition. The question is, How did a polished stone 
axe get into a position in which one would have expected to find 
only chipped flint implements? Unfortunately, the facts relating 
to the position of the axe depend entirely upon the testimony of a 
workman, who would be very likely to read the section of a gravel- 
pit altogether differently from an expert scientific investigator. 
