276 The Public Health. | April, 
representing and repeating the whole empire. In this population 
of above three millions there died in 1867, 70,588 persons; during 
the same period there were born 112,264: thus giving to London 
an increase in her population by birth alone 41,676 persons. It 
is, however, to the death that we must turn our attention. The 
death of London in the last year contrasts favourably with that of 
the four preceding years. The proportion of deaths to 1,000 living 
persons being a little less than twenty-three. 
In 1862 it was twenty-three-and-a-half in the thousand, in 
1863 it was twenty-four-and-a-half, in 1864 it was twenty-six- 
and-a-half, in 1865 it was twenty-four-and-a-half, and in 1866 it 
was twenty-six-and-a-half. In 1864 the large mortality was pro- 
duced by the cold of that year, and in 1866 by cholera. The 
mortality of the present year, like all years succeeding visitations 
of great epidemics, has undoubtedly been reduced by the weaker 
members of the population having fallen victims to the epidemic 
cholera of the previous year, but also and chiefly to greater sanitary 
activity. In order to estimate the saving of lite between 1867 and 
1864 or 1866, we must multiply each thousand of the population 
by three, which gives us 9,000. Some estimate may be formed of 
the saving to the community thus occasioned, when we recollect 
that not only has much valuable and wealth-producing life been 
saved, but that the expense of funerals and the loss of time and 
expense occasioned by at least 120,000 illnesses—calculating that 
where one person dies from an unsanitary cause, twenty are attacked 
with illness and get well—have been avoided. 
The death-rate of London contrasts favourably with the death- 
rate of the twelve large towns quoted in the Registrar-General’s 
weekly reports. 
Thus for the year 1867 we find the following death-rates :— 
1. Manchester .. .. 81°40 in the 1,000 living. 
2. Newcastle-on-Tyne .. 30°79 a 
o. Liyerpool.. 2 sau.) 20 Or ¥; 
Glasgow <<. 7 2 eae we 7 
o. Salford Sp Seen ap ee OU “A 
6. Kdinbureh-.. ee een el i 
7. Dublin ao Ee eee 0G 
8. leeds\,.0) “so. eee i 
9. Ao > a ee ees 3: 
10. Sheffield’ (2. Cee ba 
11. Birmingham’: 2, Ge 22°20 - 
12. Bristol sa cet epee OO " 
13. London 22°98 
At the end of 1866, London did not stand so well in the list, 
and this was clearly due to the outbreak of cholera, Great com- 
