1868. ] Geology and Palzontology. 409 
logy of Charnwood Forest, which possesses considerable additional 
interest on account of its having been written by the late Rev. Baden 
Powell; the conclusion of Mr. Carruthers’s admirable revision of 
British Graptolites; and some other articles and translations of 
value. 
In the April number, Mr. Carruthers describes some British 
Fossil, Pandanex, or “Screw Pines,” from the Inferior and Great 
Oolite and the Potton Sands. This group of Pines at the present 
day inhabits the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the Old World. 
The other papers include a useful description of the Gault of Folke- 
stone, by Mr. De Rance, and the commencement of a valuable 
account of the Fossil Insects of North America, by Mr. Scudder. 
The last-mentioned paper is concluded in the May number, and 
from it we learn that 87 species of fossil insects have been discovered 
in North America. The Diptera (45), Hemiptera (6), Hymenop- 
tera (3), and Lepidoptera (2), omitting one doubtful Carboniferous 
species, are restricted to the Tertiaries, as also are the Coleoptera 
(10), except one species from the Trias. The Orthoptera and 
Neuroptera (together numbering 18 species) are, the former Car- 
boniferous, and the latter Carboniferous and Devonian, while the 
Myriapoda (2) are also Carboniferous. 
Professor Huxley describes in the May number two new South 
African fossil reptiles, and there are several other articles of interest, 
especially one on Clacton, in Essex, by the Rev. Osmond Fisher. 
PROCEEDINGS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 
A large portion of the last ‘Quarterly Journal’ is occupied by the 
Annual Report and the Anniversary Address of the President (Mr. 
Warington W. Smyth). The latter includes notices of a variety of 
recent researches—especially on the origin of crystalline rocks, and 
on the geology of the Alps—and of the latest results of various 
geological surveys; but it is mainly occupied with discussions of 
three very interesting subjects, namely: (1) the physical structure 
of Palestine; (2) the climate of the earth’s surface during past 
geological periods ; and (3) the temperature of the earth’s crust at 
great depths below the surface. 
On the first subject we must draw attention to Mr. Smyth’s able 
summing up of the arguments relating to the origin of the Dead 
Sea depression. So impartially does he weigh the evidence, and 
state the various conclusions which it has suggested, that it is diffi- 
cult to ascertain his own convictions on the subject. It seems 
probable, however, that he favours the view suggested first by 
Hitchcock and adopted by Lartét, “that a fault or dislocation takes 
2F 2 
