524 Meeting of the British Association. [ Oct., 
My. Bell, having found many double bivalves in excellent con- 
dition in the deposit between Sutton and Waddingfield, could not 
accept the hypotheses that the Red Crag sea had been very turbu- 
lent, and that the fossils were largely derivative. 
Mr. Rose expressed the opinion, based on an extensive series 
of careful investigations, that the Aldeby Crag belonged to the 
“ Norwich Crag.” 
Mr. Gunn regarded the German Ocean as having been the vast 
trough into which many tributary rivers poured their waters on the 
right and left, but closed by chalk hills on the south so as to afford 
a communication between this country and the Continent, and a 
way for the mastodon, elephant, and other mammals to traverse. 
The soil of the forest bed was upheaved to the surface, and the 
forest grew upon it. A great change in the fauna took place,— 
different species of elephants and deer being introduced. Having 
remained stationary a long time, the land at length gradually sub- 
sided, and the laminated beds were formed: first, fresh-water beds ; 
then, brackish beds ; next, marine beds, including the Mammaliferous 
Crag and the Chillesford clays and sands, with shells of an increas- 
ingly arctic character. 
The whale described by Dr. Crisp was 31 feet long, and found 
in the Chillesford Clay. 
Mr. Lankester believed the bed to which he called attention, 
and which occurred in Suffolk, to have been derived from a deposit 
somewhere near at hand, and about the age of the Diestien, or Black 
Crag of Belgium. It contained remains of mastodon, rhinoceros, 
tapir, and whale. 
Dr. Lowe described a series of perforations from a quarter of 
an inch to an inch in diameter, formed by some boring animal, in 
a sandstone deposit near Lynn. Each perforation commonly con- 
tained a nodule, which the author ascribed to the presence of the 
remains of the borer. 
Mr. Evans gave reasons for believing that the cavities which he 
described, after a careful personal inspection of them, were con- 
nected with the well-known “pipes” in the chalk, and which had 
been formed by the agency of water containing carbonic acid; and 
that, contrary to the general rule, some of the overlying gravel beds, 
instead of subsiding into the hollow thus made, were sufficiently 
tenacious to remain intact. Some of the cavities were “large enough 
to hold a cart.” 
The Committee for exploring Kent’s Cavern, Devonshire, pre- 
sented their Fourth Report. The general results were similar to 
those stated in the previous Reports. The chief new feature was 
one of considerable interest and importance, being the discovery of 
