1868.] International Congress of Pre-Historie Archeology. 547 
beautiful polish from the shifting sand in which they had been 
buried. Pritchard was of opinion that there had been no stone 
age in Africa, and until recently the abundance of iron tools and 
the absence of stone implements was a very remarkable fact. The 
question-——Was there a bronze age in Africa ?—still remains open. 
Mr. Boyd Dawkins exhibited some mammalian remains from bone- 
caves in Portugal ;* and two other papers of very little importance 
terminated the day’s proceedings. 
The greater portion of Monday was occupied by Professor 
Huxley’s lecture “On the Races of Mankind,” and the discussion 
thereon. He stated that it matters very little whether we call the 
great groups of mankind “ races” or “species.” He recognized: 
(1) the Australoid race, having long heads, smooth soft wavy hair, 
and dark complexion and eyes; (2) the Negroid race, having long 
heads, very dark skins, and crisp woolly hair; (3) the Mongoloid 
type, having black eyes, black hair (usually straight and lanky), 
and skin of an olive to a yellowish tint, the skull varying con- 
siderably ; (4) the Blonde or Xanthochroid type, characterized by 
fair delicate skins, yellow hair, and blue eyes, usually of tall stature, 
the skull varying very much. 
With the Australians, Professor Huxley includes the hill-tribes 
of the Deccan, and the natives of Abyssinia and the valley of 
Egypt. The Mongoloid type is found in Central Asia, westward 
as far as Lapland, along the whole of the Polar regions, and 
through the two Americas. The Negroid type extends through 
the southern portion of Africa, Madagascar, the Malacca Peninsula, 
and includes the Abetes of the Philippines; beyond the Natural 
History boundary, which he termed Wallace’s line, the negro 
becomes abundant in New Guinea, and exists in New Caledonia 
and Tasmania. In connection with this paper, we would refer our 
readers to the abstract of Dr. Haekel’s pamphlet, given in the 
Chronicle of Archeology and Ethnology. 
On Tuesday several papers were read, but we can only notice 
two of the most important. The first was Mr. George Rolleston’s 
communication “On Modes of Early Sepulture in England,” of 
which he described two of Romano-British origin, and three of 
Anglo-Saxon. They were, of the former: (1) in oak coffins, with 
nails and hoops; and (2) in leaden coffins, made like a tray, with 
turned-up edges, on which the lid was placed. The Anglo-Saxon 
methods were: (1) cremation, and the burial of the ashes in urns ; 
this mode was practised from the time of Hengist to that of 
Augustine ; (2) burial in shallow graves, not more than 18 inches 
deep; with the women were buried fibule in pairs, ornaments, 
pins, knives, and beads; and with the men were buried spears, 
* See Chronicle of ‘ Archeevlogy’ in our July number. 
