548 International Congress of Pre-historic Archxology. |Oct., 
buckles, knives, &.; (83) burial in deep graves, in imitation of the 
Romano-British style. 
The other important paper was by John Evans, Esq., “On 
Stone Implements in Pre-historic Times,’ in which the author 
described the result of his attempts to discover, by imitation-experi- 
ments, the mode of manufacture of flint and stone implements 
without the use of metal tools. He recognized four epochs in this 
manufacture, namely: (1) the Paleolithic period, in which the 
implements were fashioned by chipping only, and were always of 
flint ; (2) the Reindeer period, of Central France, in which greater 
skill in flaking flint was possessed, and other hard stones were 
worked, though not for cutting purposes; (8) the Neolithic period, 
in which other materials than flint were used, and when grinding 
on the edge and surface was generally practised, though the hatchets 
were not perforated; (4) the Bronze period, in which such stone 
implements as remained in use were highly finished, many of the 
axes being perforated. 
On Wednesday, the last sitting of the Congress, A. W. Franks, 
Esq., read a paper “On Ancient Stone Implements in Japan.” 
They consist of barbed arrow-heads, either with or without tangs, 
spindle-formed spear-heads, knives or scrapers, and axes or celts, all 
of forms similar to the implements of Europe and America. The 
axes are either of basalt or jade, and the arrow-heads of flint, chert, 
jasper, or obsidian. The author described the popular legends 
relating to these objects, and remarked that the general belief in 
their supernatural origin shows them to be Pre-historic, and older 
than the existing civilization. 
A paper by W. Boyd Dawkins, Esq., “ On Mammalia associated 
with Pre-historic Man ;” and one by H. Woodward, Hsq., “ On the 
Tusks of the Mammoth, from Ilford,” were more Palaontological 
than Archeological. 
The Ogham Monuments formed the subject of a paper by R. BR. 
Brash, Esq., in which the author stated his belief that some of 
them were of a memorial character, and that others were boundary 
stones ; he regarded them as Pre-Christian in date, and the people 
who raised them as having come from Spain. 
On Thursday the members of the Congress made an excursion 
to Cambridge; and on Friday a Council Meeting was held at 
Somerset House, London. 
