1868. ] Archeology and Ethnology. 501 
tasteful to English readers. Be this as it may, whether the fact be 
true and the argument legitimate, or not, it is now our duty to 
record the publication by that author of two Essays collectively 
entitled ‘Ueber die Entstehung und den Stammbaum des Menschen- 
geschlechts.”* 
In the first Essay, “ On the Origin of Mankind,” the author gives 
his reasons for inferring that Man has come into being by a process 
of development from the lower animals; and he regards the import- 
ance of the “Lamarck-Darwin” hypothesis as precisely equivalent 
to that of the “Copernicus-Newton” system of Astronomy, for 
while the latter proved the error of the old geocentric system, so 
the former shows the falsity of the “ Anthropocentric” belief that 
looks upon man as the centre of an animate world created only to 
supply his wants. 
The second Essay, ‘On the Pedigree of Mankind,” contains the 
author’s opinion of the line in which man’s development from the 
lower animals took place, commencing with Amphioxus, and pro- 
ceeding through the Lampreys and the extinct allies of the Sharks 
to the Lepidosirens, thence through Proteus and its congeners to 
the Tritons and Salamanders, and thus to the Monotremata (Orni- 
thorhynchus). ‘The line then passes through the Marsupials, the 
Lemurs, the Old World Monkeys (Semnopithecus, &c.), and the 
Anthropoid Apes (Orang, Gorilla, &c.). All the existing varieties 
of man the author regards as having come from one stock, but that 
original race he considers to be now extinct. He also believes that 
the various races have the same value as Natural History species, 
and as species he describes them. They are the following :— 
I. Homines ulotrichi: Men with woolly hair and long heads, 
1. Homo primigenius. Ape-like men, now extinct. 
2. H. papwa. Papuan species. 
3. H. hottentottus. South African species. 
4, H. afer. Central African species. 
II. Homines lissotricht: Men with smooth hair; heads long, 
short, and of medium proportions. 
5. Homo alfurus. - New Holland species. 
6. H. polynesius. Malayan species. 
7. H. arcticus. Polar species. 
8. H. mongolicus. Yellow species. 
9. H. americanus. Red species. 
10. H. caucasicus. White species. 
* «Sammlung gemeinverstindlicher wissenschaftlicher Vortrage,’ herausge- 
geben von Rud, Virchow und Fr. v. Holtzendorff. Serie III. Hefte 52 & 53. 
1868. 
