572 Chronicles of Science. [ Oct., 
and Savona section of the Genoa and Nice Railway, which has 
been carried almost entirely through rock; there being in the 
181 miles of its course no less than thirty-nine tunnels, the longest 
of which is 3,920 feet. The railway from Foggia to Candela was 
also opened to the public on 4th May last. 
Bridges, &c—The viaduct which has for some time past been 
in course of construction over the Solway Firth, as a part of the 
Solway Junction Railway, was practically completed on the 27th 
June. The bridge over the Dee at Kirkcudbright was formally 
opened on the 9th July. 
A light roadway bridge, chiefly for foot-passengers and for the 
accommodation of visitors, is now being erected just below the 
Niagara Falls, the clear distance between the centres of towers 
being 1,268 feet. A commencement has also been made for the 
construction of a trussed girder-bridge, with three spans, across 
the Mississippi river at St. Louis, where it is about 1,500 feet wide. 
The new suspension-bridge across the Moldau, at Prague, was 
formally opened in person by the Emperor Franz Joseph, on 21st 
June. The length between abutments is 820 feet, which is divided 
into one centre span and two half-spans. 
The Mont Cenis Tunnel had, up to 21st August last, been 
driven 8,647 metres, leaving 3,573 metres yet to be completed, and 
it is thought that the tunnel will certainly be opened in 1870. 
The subway under the Chicago river, which is now more than 
half completed, points to a method of crossing rivers with an ex- 
tensive navigation hitherto but little adopted, but the advantages 
of which are gradually becoming better appreciated. This tunnel, 
which is an experimental one, will connect the east and west sides 
of Washington Street; and should it be found successful, the bridge 
communication between the main streets in Chicago will gradually 
be superseded by this form of crossmg. The drift under the river 
Indus at Attock, in the Hast Indies, was completed in June last, 
and it has now been determined to complete the tunnel as a means 
of communication across the river at that point. 
Water Supply, Drainage, &e.—The works for providing an 
additional supply of water for St. Andrew’s were formally opened 
on 5th June. The supply now obtained will, it is expected, be 
more than sufficient to meet the wants of the city for fifty years to 
‘come. The new waterworks at Paisley are making good progress, 
and it is expected that the Rowbank water will be flowing to 
Paisley before the end of September. 
The first instalment of the drainage works at Douglas, Isle of 
Man, has been finished, consisting of a main intercepting sewer 
running along the shore, and an outfall sewer emptying itself into 
the bay. 
