1868. | Metallurgy and Mining. 579 
Extinct Australian Marsupial, Thylacoleo carnifex, Owen,” Mr. W. 
H. Flower combats Professor Owen's reference of that animal to 
the carnivorous type of Marsupials, chiefly because in it the canines 
are very small and the anterior incisors are largely:developed, as in 
the Rat-kangaroos and other phytophagous Marsupials, while in the 
true carnivores, whether implacental or placental, the canines are 
very large and the anterior incisors very small. Anatomists differ 
in their opinion as to the overwhelming force of this argument, and 
many refer, on the one hand, to the molar teeth and other organs 
of Thylacoleo as differing considerably from those of any true her- 
bivore ; and on the other, to the flesh-eating Shrews and Hedgehogs, 
in which the development of the anterior incisors does take place at 
the expense of the lateral incisors and the canines. 
Mr. Hull has two papers of great merit on cognate subjects. 
In the first he shows that the south-easterly attenuation of the Car- 
boniferous sedimentary strata of the North of England, which he 
showed to occur in a former paper, is made the more evident by his 
recent investigations further north than he had previously surveyed, 
as in that direction those deposits continue to expand at the expense 
of the calcareous portion of the series (Mountain limestone), which 
he had previously shown to attain a prodigious development in the 
south-east. 
In the second paper, “On the Relative Ages of the leading 
Physical Features and Lines of Elevation of the Carboniferous Dis- 
trict of Lancashire and Yorkshire,” he shows that the main lines of 
disturbance may be assigned to three distinct periods, namely, First 
and earliest, the Pendle system, having an E.N.E. direction, and 
marking the close of the Carboniferous period. Secondly, the Pen- 
nine system, having a direction nearly north and south, and belong- 
ing to the close of the Permian period. And thirdly, the most 
recent of all, the limes of fracture running N.N.W., which were 
formed at the close of the Jurassic period. The periods of denuda- 
tion in this district he refers to seven distinct epochs, beginning 
with the commencement of the Permian period and ending with that 
which ensued at the close of the Glacial epoch. 
8. METALLURGY AND MINING. 
In ‘ The Mineral Statistics of the United Kingdom,’ just issued 
from the Mining Record Office, we find the following returns of 
our Mineral produce for 1867 :— 
Value. 
Tons. Cwt. Ss. 
Tin ore, from 117 mines .. .. 13,649 0 .. 694,734 0 0 
Copper ore, from 164 mines .. 158,544 0 .. 699,693 19 0 
Lead ore, from 330 mines vo Oo8450) OG. te. 61-158,272870) 10 
ZUNCIOIOe (tee we! a a AOAC ORL 41,240 11 11 
