350 BiHD.s OF XoKTii Carolina 



GLOSSARY 



Adult: Fully grown; possessing the fullest devolopnient of plumage. 



AUcnuale: Diminished to a sharp point, as a bill. 



Basal, liaxe: That portion of the hill, or of a feather, etc., next to the body. 



liclly: That part of the under surface hctween and behind the thighs; the abdomen. 



Bend of Wing: The front end of the folded wing, covering the carpal joint. 



Bread: Tlie forward portion of the under surface, covering the thorax. 



Cere: A covering of naked skin over the Ijase of the up])er mandible. 



Chin: The region Ix^tween tlie lower in.-indibles. 



Commissure: The line where the upper and lower mandibles meet; gape. 



Comjrressed: Flattened in a vertical plane. 



Crested: With lengthened featliers on the head. 



Conirostral: Having a conical liill, as a finch. 



Crejniscidar: Flying at dusk; fond of twilight. 



Crissum: The region of the under tail-coverts. 



Crown: The top of the head. 



Culmen: The middle line of the top of upper mandible from base to tip. 



Deeurved: Curved downward. 



Depreaacd: Flattened in a horizontal plane. 



Emarjfinate: Slightly notched. 



Extensible: Capable of being extended. 



Falcate: Curved; scimitixr-shaped. 



Flanka: The sides, between the rump and the abdomen. 



Frontal Processes: Swellings on the forehead, as in some ducks. 



Gape: The opening of the nioutli. 



Gontjs: The middle line of the lower m.andiblc, where the two branches are joined. 



(luhir: Uelongiiig to the thro.'it: said of the pouches of pelicans, etc. 



Jmrnaliirc: Not fully pluraaged: .said, usually, of birds less than a year old. 



Lamcll'E: The plates forming the edge of a duck's bill. 



Lateral: On the sitle. 



Lobate: With broad membranous flaps on each side: said of toes. 



Lores, Loral licr/ion: The part between the eyes and bill. 



Mandibles: The upper and lower halves of the bill. 



Mantle: A term apjjlied to tlie wings and back of a bird, especially a guU or tern, with reference 

 to a uniform area of color. 



Measurements: The usual moa.surenieiits given for birds are: Length, (i.) mea-sured from 

 tip of bill to tip of tail; W ing, (w) measured from the liend of the wing to the tip of the longest 

 quill; Tail, (t) measured from the ba.se to the tip of the longest tail-quill; Tarsus, (tak) is the 

 distance from the ba.se of the toes to the end of the tibia; Bill, (u; mesisured from ba.se of 

 feathers on forehead to tip of upper mandible, in a straight line. 



Median: Helonging to tlu' middle. 



Nape: The back of the head, just below the oceij)ut and above the neck. 



A'asal Groove: A groove miming forward from the nostril. 



Nasal Tufts: Tufts of small feathers growing forward over the nostril. 



Obtuse: Hlunt. 



Occiput: The back part of the fop of the head, just above the nape. 



Ortnt: Relating to a space around the eye, as the orbital ring. 



Pectinate: With teeth hke a comb. 



Pritnaries: The longest wing-quills, those growing from the hand- and finger-bones (the 

 pinion) of the wing. 



Bccurnil: Curved upwards. 



lieticiilalc: I'orming a network of small scales: said of the scales on a bird's tarsus. 



liefersililr: Capalili,' of being turned back. 



l{ict(d: lieloniring to, or at, the g i])e. 



Rump: 'i'he hinder i)art of a binl's back just in front of the upper tail-coverts. 



Scapulars: The feathers growing from the shoulders. 



Scutellate: Having broad, band-like i)lates across the whole front: said of a tarsus. 



Secondaries: The smaller quits springing from the forearm. 



Semipalmate: Webbed at ba.se only. 



Serrate: With sharp, saw-like edge. 



Sides: The i)art which is beneath the wings and above the breast. 



Sinuatcd: Irregul.uly or wavily curved. 



Speculum: An oblong patch of metallic color on the secondaries, as in some ducks. 



Svb-basal: Helow the base. 



Subulate: Awl-shaped. 



