BAY-BIRDS. 
THO oP & Dw eH 
Lower mandible. 
Upper mandible. 
Forehead. 
Loral space. ~* 
Crown of the head. 
Hind part of the head. 
Scapulars —long feathers | 
from shoulders over sides 
of back. 
Smaller wing coverts. 
Bend of the wing 
Larger wing coverts. 
Tertials, arising from the 
second bone of the wing 
at the elbow-joint. 
. Secondaries, from the se- 
cond bone of the wing. 
. Primaries, from the first 
bone of the wing. 
. Tibia, the thigh. 
. Tarsus, the shank. 
. Upper tail coverts. 
. Lower tail coverts. 
. Tail feathers. 
The length of a bird is measured from the extremity of the 
bill to the end of the longest tail feather; the length of the 
wing is measured from the bend to the tip of the longest quill. 
