LIST OF PLATES. 
I.—Eagles soaring as “fe ae .. Frontispiece 
Facing 
page 
II.—Photographs of Pigeons and Gull, showing = 
and left wings giving different strokes .. 30 
III.—Photographs of—A: Pigeon using tail for mainten- 
ance of equilibrium. B: cee ate Cz 
Gulls gliding wis : 36 
IV., V., and VI.—Photographs of Pigeons showing the 
phases of the wing-stroke in series .. 40, 42, 45 
V1II.—Photographs of Gulls flying ce ‘ee oii te 
VIII.—A and B: Photographs of Pigeons starting to fly. 
C: of Pigeon rising with body neue inclined. 
D: of Herring-Gulls starting .. 49 
IX.—Photographs showing different methods of steer- 
ing—A and B: of Gulls. Cand D: of Pigeons 60 
X.—A and B: Photographs of Pigeons heicsaprosk G: 
of Pigeon checking speed ; 64 
XI.—A : err of wing, showing elastic hs 
ment. : of flight-feathers and tail-feather . 85 
XII.—Drawing by I. C. Maclean (from Life and Evolu- 
tion), showing minute structure of flight-feather 86 
Wott Ear, 26. Cas wat atanat of different types of 
wing aa By! Sa 
XVI.—Photographs of Gulls with Jee isi fol- 
lowmg steamer .. 136 
ix 
