2: 
wit, 
wie 
13. 
13. 
15. 
15. 
Ive 
Ine 
119° 
ug). 
23. 
23. 
24 
rated by black throat stripe or mottling........... Cackling Goose. 
Lower parts light brownish gray, fading gradually into white on anal 
region; white cheek patches usually confluent on throat... ...... (10) 
10): Larger; 35. ta 43:inches loneancde hae eee Canada Goose. 
10) Smaller, 25 to: s4unches lonaa wie sone eee Hutchins Goose. 
Bill nearly cylindrical, about as wide as high throughout; head always 
more:or lessverested:.. Scone pee qian oetees ce ola kets ee eee oe (12) 
Bill always wider than high near the tip; head rarely crested. ....(14) 
12. Smaller; wing 7 to 8} inches long; crest high and flattened 
SIGE WISE Hosa ahs ieee ee rete seer ato Hooded Merganser. 
12. Larger; 8}to114 inches long; crest inconspicuous......... (13) 
Wing about 104 inches long; frontal feathers extending beyond those 
onside of bills 22 octrpoh asian: 5 ote taal ee ee ete American Merganser. 
Wing about 9 inches long; frontal feathers not extending beyond those 
ox erdevok: Tattle er chiro tale eae ee tea ce Red-breasted Merganser. 
14. Hind toe with a rounded membranous lobe.............. (15) 
14.. Hind toe withoutia lobe-like borders 21.3 eee eee) 
Wing 7 inches or less im longtheeso2. jc Ne eset .20 en eee ee (16) 
Wing over 7 inches Pome. «ih a ei we ee ee (17) 
16. Upper tail-coverts very short; bill broad; tail flat. Ruddy Duck. 
16. Upper tail-coverts about half as long as fake head fluffy. . 
ee Te eR Pe he A Och rar eeeb od eects Be 8 fc Bufie-head. 
Bill appendaged with a lobe at base formed of skin of cheeks; culmen 
about one inch long. . é : “Harloqui Duck. 
Bill bulging at base; ot oe Pern so amited iit the bill as to give 
thé nail a very indistinct‘outhime:.S). <).0. 20... eee eee (18) 
Billiof the usualduck formed. eae ee eae eee eee eee ees (20) 
18. Wing 104 inches long or more; a white wing patch in both 
SEXES. © vce _.........White-winged Scoter. 
18. Wing less ‘han 10} thes tone ic an Go ave BN a eee Ce oe (19)- 
Feathers on the culmen reaching forward as far as those on sides of 
upper mandible......... ae _ American Scoter. 
Feathers on the culmen reaehinge aout an ane fapehes forward than 
those on side of upper mandible... ...... PIA he . Surf Scoter. 
20. Tail pointed (over 6 inches long, aie syout 3 inches long, 
female;) bill black and orange, nostril pane less than 4 inch 
of frontal feathers.... .. Payee . Old-squaw Duck. 
20. Tail not pointed; nostril bei } Taek fron frontal feathers. . (21) 
Bill high at base (over half as high as long) ; under tail-coverts white(22) 
Bill lower at base; under tail-coverts dark. PAE Une (2a) 
22. Male with the gloss of the dark head dia finows green; head of 
female browne. (o ct4i eles nee ed pee Ce eater Golden-eye. 
22. Male with the gloss of the dark head and throat purple; head 
of.female brown). 20 ae eee Barrow Golden-eye. 
Bill decidedly wider near tip than at base... ...................- (24) 
Bill but little if any wider at tip than at base... ................ (26) 
