58 
3. Head not crested; under parts not entirely black; much smaller than a 
CLOWee een: F . (4) 
4. Under parts ai stiff oudien icieners: elsewhere ce pe 
black, except for a grayish collar and a red face. Lewis Woodpecker. 
4. Under parts of soft feathers; without red on breast or belly... . (5) 
5. Secondaries entirely white; rump white; head and neck red in adult, brown- 
ish in young; toes 4; flanks not barred......Red-headed Woodpecker. 
5. Wings black, spotted with white; rump black; crown orange in male; 
toes); Hanks barred: «teeta ores Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker. 
. Wings black, spotted with white, a large white patch on bend of wing; 
rump white; head black with two white stripes on sides and ared one 
onthroat; toes 4; flanks barred; belly light yellow. : 
; ae . Williamson Sapenckees ale 
6. U oes nies ae wings aad tail alow throat brownish; male with 
on 
eDlack Mm qlarienrone,.s 6 24s of goes wir ie Pitas eee Northern Flicker. 
6. Under surface of wings and tail orange-red; throat ashy; male with 
MPEG. MAAN SORLPO crs: t cea high ave ee tau ea) ene Red-shafted Flicker. 
7. Back black marked with white (9)—back mottled, black and yellowish; 
belly yellowish......... any .(8) 
8. Nape whitish; male site a Diack apne eons bill i anes cepa 
ing the red throat from the white cheeks; female with whole 
chinvand throat white... 5. coc. pe. -coes Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. 
8. Nape more or less red; male with red of throat extending in 
middle to the cheeks, thus obliterating the black stripe ex- 
cept at ends; female with throat bias Ped). 25 Meiers 
..Red-naped Sapsucker. 
9. Back are with conspicuous, ee white cross- aid bdsm eters] GLO) 
9. Back with a large, broad, white streak running iene but no 
cross- -bars. . van : ne ee .(12) 
10. Outer fehl feather Pane mienenete oy ees St: ee 3; 
crown yellow in male........ American Three-toed Woendgeceer 
10. Outer tail feathers with black; toes 4; much barred with 
black amd. whither ie ws se prcetchca cde oak oy bn (11) 
11. Under parts yellowish; head brown, without decided white or red. 
bg it any oe ine = . Williamson Sapsucker, fomele 
11. Under parts reaiene iveaal euavige white with more or less red on 
CLONE see Bed .Red-bellied Woodpecker. 
12. Under eal ee white: yerren ae black; smaller, wing 
under 4 inches....... e: . (18) 
12. Under tail feathers mainte ae Rona Succes wing over ays 
WAVEINESE S555 06. act . . (14) 
13. Middle and greater wing-cov as suerte eae atti eles 
. Northern Downy Woodpecker. 
13. Middle ae eee wing-cov vets s plain Etat or but slightly spotted. . 
; oe . Batchelder Woodpecker. 
14. Middle fad ees wing-coverts Pein black or the white 
